7 research outputs found
Acute poisonings during pregnancy and in other non-pregnant women in emergency departments of four government hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 2010-2015
ObjectiveTo characterise acute poisonings in pregnant and nonâpregnant women treated at emergency departments of government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between 2010 and 2015.MethodsAll data for acutely poisoned women were retrospectively collected from patient medical charts at the emergency departments of Saint Paulâs Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ras Desta Memorial Hospital, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College and Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Data were collected by extraction questionnaire and analysed using SPSSv. 20 statistical software.ResultsDuring the study period, 998 cases of acutely poisoned women were listed in the hospital registries. Of these, complete data for inclusion in the study were available for 592. 36.3% of the study participants were in the age group of 20â24, with a mean (±SD) age of 23.03 (±6.3) years. 80.9% were from Addis Ababa; 4.6% were pregnant. The mean arrival time of all cases was 4.14 h. 85.5% of all study cases were due to intentional selfâpoisoning, of whom 42.1% were discharged without complications. The most common poisons were bleach and organophosphates; 25.9% of pregnant cases and 32.6% of nonâpregnant cases were poisoned by bleach; and 18.5% of pregnant cases and 18.9% of nonâpregnant cases had organophosphate poisoning. 0.7% had a history of poisoning; all were nonâpregnant women. The common route of poison exposure was oral, and the case fatality rate of organophosphate poisoning in pregnant and nonâpregnant women was 20 and 1.87%, respectively. The preâhospital intervention for the majority of the women was milk, in 12.0% of cases.ConclusionAcute poisoning remains a public health problem in our community. Bleach is the most common poisons. Our present findings indicate the necessity of educational programmes on preventable reasons of acute poisonings and their outcomes on pregnant and nonâpregnant women.ObjectifCaractĂ©riser les intoxications aiguĂ«s chez les femmes enceintes et non enceintes traitĂ©es dans les services dâurgence des hĂŽpitaux gouvernementaux Ă AddisâAbeba, en Ethiopie, entre 2010 et 2015.MĂ©thodesToutes les donnĂ©es sur les femmes avec une intoxication aiguĂ« ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es rĂ©trospectivement Ă partir des dossiers mĂ©dicaux des patientes dans les services dâurgence du CollĂšge MĂ©dical du MillĂ©naire de lâHĂŽpital SaintâPaul, de lâHĂŽpital Memorial de Ras Desta, du CollĂšge MĂ©dical Hospitalier Yekatit 12 et de lâHĂŽpital Memorial de Zewditu. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies par extraction dans des questionnaires et analysĂ©es en utilisant le logiciel statistique SPSS v. 20.RĂ©sultatsDurant la pĂ©riode dâĂ©tude, 998 cas dâintoxications aiguĂ«s chez des femmes ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pertoriĂ©s dans les registres hospitaliers. Parmi ceuxâci, les donnĂ©es complĂštes pour inclusion dans lâĂ©tude Ă©taient disponibles pour 592 cas. 36,3% des participantes Ă lâĂ©tude Ă©taient du groupe dâĂąge 20 Ă 24 ans, avec un Ăąge moyen (±SD) de 23,03 (±6,3) ans. 80,9% provenaient dâAddisâAbeba, 4,6% Ă©taient enceintes. Le dĂ©lai moyen dâarrivĂ©e de tous les cas Ă©tait de 4,14 heures. 85,5% de tous les cas de lâĂ©tude Ă©taient dus Ă une autoâintoxication intentionnelle, dont 42,1% ont Ă©tĂ© libĂ©rĂ©s sans complications. Les poisons les plus courants Ă©taient lâeau de Javel et les organophosphorĂ©s; 25,9% des cas enceintes et 32,6% des cas non enceintes avaient Ă©tĂ© intoxiquĂ©s par lâeau de Javel et 18,5% des cas enceintes et 18,9% des cas nonâenceintes lâavaient Ă©tĂ© par des organophosphorĂ©s. 0,7% des cas avaient des antĂ©cĂ©dents dâintoxication; toutes Ă©tant des femmes non enceintes. La voie courante de lâexposition au poison Ă©tait orale et le taux de lĂ©talitĂ© de lâintoxication par organophosphorĂ©s chez les femmes enceintes et non enceintes Ă©tait respectivement de 20 et 1,87%. Lâintervention prĂ© hospitaliĂšre pour la majoritĂ© des femmes Ă©tait avec du lait dans 12,0% des cas.ConclusionLâintoxication aiguĂ« reste un problĂšme de santĂ© publique dans notre communautĂ©. Lâeau de Javel est le poison le plus courant. Nos rĂ©sultats ici indiquent la nĂ©cessitĂ© de programmes Ă©ducatifs sur les causes Ă©vitables des intoxications aiguĂ«s et leurs rĂ©sultats chez les femmes enceintes et non enceintes.ObjetivoCaracterizar los envenenamientos agudos en mujeres embarazadas y no embarazadas atendidas en servicios de emergencia de hospitales gubernamentales en Addis Ababa, Etiopia, entre el 2010 y el 2015.MĂ©todosRetrospectivamente, a partir de historias clĂnicas, se recopilaron datos de mujeres con un envenenamiento agudo atendidas en los servicios de emergencias del Hospital Universitario de Saint Paulâs Millennium, el Hospital Ras Desta Memorial, el Hospital Universitario Yekatit 12 y el Hospital Zewditu Memorial. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario de extracciĂłn y se analizaron utilizando el software estadĂstico SPSS v. 20.ResultadosDurante el periodo de estudio, segĂșn los registros de los hospitales, hubo 998 casos de mujeres con envenenamiento agudo. De estos, 592 tenĂan datos completos podĂan incluirse en el estudio. 36.3% de las participantes estaban en el grupo de edad de 20â24 años, con una desviaciĂłn estĂĄndar (+DS) de 23.03 (+6.3) años. Un 80.9% eran de Addis Ababa; 4.6% estaban embarazadas. El tiempo medio de llegada de todos los casos era 4.14 horas. Un 85.5% de todos los casos de estudio se debĂan a un autoâenvenenamiento intencional, de los cuales 42.1% fueron dadas de alta sin complicaciones. Los venenos mĂĄs comunes eran la lejĂa y los organofosforados; un 25.9% de los casos de embarazadas y un 32.6% de los casos de mujeres no embarazadas tenĂan envenenamiento por lejĂa y un 18.5% de las mujeres embarazadas y un 18.9% de las no embarazadas tenĂan envenenamiento por organofosforados. Un 0.7% tenĂa una historia de envenenamientos previos; todas eran mujeres no embarazadas. La ruta mĂĄs comĂșn de exposiciĂłn era la oral, y en este caso la tasa de letalidad por envenenamiento con organofosforados en mujeres embarazadas y no embarazadas era de 20% y 1.87%, respectivamente. La intervenciĂłn preâhospitalaria para la mayorĂa de las mujeres era leche, en un 12.0% de los casos.ConclusiĂłnEl envenenamiento agudo continĂșa siendo un problema de salud pĂșblica en nuestra comunidad. La lejĂa es el veneno mĂĄs comĂșn. Nuestros hallazgos indican la necesidad de programas educativos sobre causas evitables de los envenenamientos agudos y sus resultados en mujeres embarazadas y no embarazadas.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138882/1/tmi12940.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138882/2/tmi12940_am.pd
A genome-wide scan identifies mutations in the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 11A4 (PDE11A) in individuals with adrenocortical hyperplasia
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate cyclic nucleotide levels. Increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling has been associated with PRKAR1A or GNAS mutations and leads to adrenocortical tumors and Cushing syndrome. We investigated the genetic source of Cushing syndrome in individuals with adrenocortical hyperplasia that was not caused by known defects. We performed genome-wide SNP genotyping, including the adrenocortical tumor DNA. The region with the highest probability to harbor a susceptibility gene by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and other analyses was 2q31-2q35. We identified mutations disrupting the expression of the PDE11A isoform-4 gene (PDE11A) in three kindreds. Tumor tissues showed 2q31-2q35 LOH, decreased protein expression and high cyclic nucleotide levels and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. PDE11A codes for a dual-specificity PDE that is expressed in adrenal cortex and is partially inhibited by tadalafil and other PDE inhibitors; its germline inactivation is associated with adrenocortical hyperplasia, suggesting another means by which dysregulation of cAMP signaling causes endocrine tumors