Observable and unobservable variables in the theory of the equilibrium rate of unemployment, a comparison between France and the United States

This paper confronts, theoretically and empirically, two estimation methods for the Equilibrium Rate of Unemployment (ERU). By introducing observable variables into the TV-NAIRU approach and unobservable variables into the structural approach, we show how these two methods can converge even though their diagnoses differ appreciably in the French case. We considerably improve the econometric and explanatory properties of the French TV-NAIRU model by identifying some of its determinants (interest rates, labour productivity). Moreover, by distinguishing between the concepts of long-term and medium-term ERU, we separate the medium- from the long-term and the observable from the unobservable components of the ERU.

Observable and unobservable variables in the theory of the equilibrium rate of unemployment, a comparison between France and the United States

This paper confronts, theoretically and empirically, two estimation methods for the Equilibrium Rate of Unemployment (ERU). By introducing observable variables into the TV-NAIRU approach and unobservable variables into the structural approach, we show how these two methods can converge even though their diagnoses differ appreciably in the French case. We considerably improve the econometric and explanatory properties of the French TV-NAIRU model by identifying some of its determinants (interest rates, labour productivity). Moreover, by distinguishing between the concepts of long-term and medium-term ERU, we separate the medium- from the long-term and the observable from the unobservable components of the ERU

Variables observables et inobservables dans la théorie du taux de chômage d'équilibre, une comparaison France / Etats-Unis

L’article compare, théoriquement et empiriquement, deux stratégies d’estimation du taux de chômage d’équilibre. L’introduction de variables observables dans l’approche tv-nairu et de variables inobservables dans l’approche structurelle permet d’améliorer et de rapprocher ces méthodes, bien que des différences de diagnostics subsistent dans le cas français.This paper confronts, theoretically and empirically, two estimation methods for the equilibrium rate of unemployment. The introduction of observable variables into the tv-nairu approach and unobservable variables into the structural approach improves these two methods and makes them converge even though their diagnoses differ appreciably in the French case

Developments in Structuring of Reformed Theology:The Synopsis Purioris Theologiae (1625) as Example

The Synopsis Purioris Theologiae (1625), an influential handbook of Reformeddogmatics, began as a cycle of disputations. A comparison of it with the cyclesthat were held previously in Leiden reveals some shifts in the structure of Reformeddogmatics. After introducing the Synopsis, this paper highlights thefunction of prolegomena, the place of predestination, and the relationship betweenthe magistrate and eschatology. It concludes that the choices made in theSynopsis illustrate tensions in Reformed theology. After the conflict with theRemonstrants it became urgent to carefully define the character of theology inthe prolegomena, to relate predestination to the person and work of Christ, andto connect the task of the magistrate to the doctrine of the church

La notion de race. Un regard actuel de la biologie et de la génétique

Systematics is the science that produces systems to order biodiversity and to name the categories it produces. These categories, families, genera, species, races, etc., resulting from a more or less continuous differentiation process, are unclear by nature. They imperfectly reflect reality : the existence of more or less divergent lineages. Within the human species, like in any other, differences exist. Their existence would not be a scientific problem if it did not entail hierarchization and essentialization which are of no concern to biology.La systématique est la science qui produit des systèmes permettant d’ordonner la biodiversité et de nommer les catégories ainsi produites. Ces catégories, familles, genres, espèces, races, etc., issues d’un processus de différenciation plus ou moins continu, sont, par nature, floues. Elles rendent compte imparfaitement d’une réalité : l’existence de lignées plus ou moins divergentes. Dans l’espèce humaine, comme dans toutes les autres, des différences existent. Leur existence ne poserait pas de problème scientifique si elle n’engendrait pas une hiérarchisation et une essentialisation qui ne sont pas du ressort de la biologie.La sistemática es la ciencia que produce sistemas que ordenan la biodiversidad y designan las categorías producidas. Estas categorías, familias, géneros, especies, razas, etc., resultantes de un proceso de diferenciación más o menos continuo, son, por naturaleza, imprecisas. Son un reflejo imperfecto de una realidad : la existencia de linajes más o menos divergentes. En la especie humana, como en todas las demás, existen diferencias. Su existencia no plantearía ningún problema científico si no engendrara una jerarquización y una especialización que no corresponden a la biología.Heyer Evelyne, Gouyon Pierre-Henri. La notion de race. Un regard actuel de la biologie et de la génétique. In: Communications, 107, 2020. Race et racisme. pp. 9-18

Variables observables et inobservables dans la théorie du taux de chômage d'équilibre, une comparaison France / Etats-Unis

This paper confronts, theoretically and empirically, two estimation methods for the equilibrium rate of unemployment. The introduction of observable variables into the tv-nairu approach and unobservable variables into the structural approach improves these two methods and makes them converge even though their diagnoses differ appreciably in the French case.L’article compare, théoriquement et empiriquement, deux stratégies d’estimation du taux de chômage d’équilibre. L’introduction de variables observables dans l’approche tv-nairu et de variables inobservables dans l’approche structurelle permet d’améliorer et de rapprocher ces méthodes, bien que des différences de diagnostics subsistent dans le cas français