A survey on some risk factors and evaluation of their impacts on streptococcosis incidence in rainbow trout farms in Fars province

Streptococcosis is an infectious bacterial disease that causes huge economic losses in cold water aquaculture industry. Disease outbreak was experienced in some of provinces farms in recent years. Fars Province, has produced 7,000 tons of cold-water fish. According to Streptococcosis report in 1381 from the province and Proceedings have been performed during 10 years against disease and also economic losses impact of disease on rainbow trout production, risk assessment of Streptococcosis conducted on the plan. In this study, of 586 sick fish (have symptoms) studied 230 fish (39.24%) Streptococcus and (26.62%) gram negative bacteria were isolated. Of 754 healthy grower fish and fry (with no clinical signs) 10 fish or fry (1.32%)infected with streptococcus and 60 fish or fry(7.95%) infected with gram negative bacteria (Yersinia ruckeri, Pseudomonas, entrobacteriaceae). According to biochemical tests and molecular examinations, isolated Streptococcuus iniae and Streptococcus sp. Furthermore some physical and chemical parameters measured and aerobic bacteria of selected farm water counted. These factors effects on disease incidence and changes were evaluated by applying logistic regression

Inflation and late time acceleration in braneworld cosmological models with varying brane tension

Braneworld models with variable brane tension $\lambda$ introduce a new degree of freedom that allows for evolving gravitational and cosmological constants, the latter being a natural candidate for dark energy. We consider a thermodynamic interpretation of the varying brane tension models, by showing that the field equations with variable $\lambda$ can be interpreted as describing matter creation in a cosmological framework. The particle creation rate is determined by the variation rate of the brane tension, as well as by the brane-bulk energy-matter transfer rate. We investigate the effect of a variable brane tension on the cosmological evolution of the Universe, in the framework of a particular model in which the brane tension is an exponentially dependent function of the scale factor. The resulting cosmology shows the presence of an initial inflationary expansion, followed by a decelerating phase, and by a smooth transition towards a late accelerated de Sitter type expansion. The varying brane tension is also responsible for the generation of the matter in the Universe (reheating period). The physical constraints on the model parameters, resulted from the observational cosmological data, are also investigated.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in European Physical Journal

Breast cancer risk factors in Iran: A systematic review & Meta-analysis

Objectives: Breast cancer is known as one of the deadliest forms of cancer, and it is increasing globally. There are a variety of proven and controversial risk factors for this malignancy. Herein, we aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis focus on the epidemiology of breast cancer risk factors in Iran. Methods: We performed a systematic search via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Persian databases for identifying studies published on breast cancer risk factors up to March 2019. Meta-analyses were done for risk factors reported in more than one study. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed/random-effects models. Results: Thirty-nine studies entered into the meta-analysis. Pooling of ORs showed a significant harmful effect for risk factors including family history (OR: 1.80, 95CI 1.47-2.12), hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) (OR: 5.48, 95CI 0.84-1.74), passive smokers (OR: 1.68, 95CI 1.34-2.03), full-term pregnancy at age 30 (OR: 3.41, 95CI 1.19-5.63), abortion (OR: 1.84, 95CI 1.35-2.33), sweets consumption (OR: 1.71, 95CI 1.32-2.11) and genotype Arg/Arg (crude OR: 1.59, 95CI 1.07-2.10), whereas a significant protective effect for late menarche (OR: 0.58, 95CI 0.32-0.83), nulliparity (OR: 0.68, 95CI 0.39-0.96), 13-24 months of breastfeeding (OR: 0.68, 95CI 0.46-0.90), daily exercise (OR: 0.59, 95CI 0.44-0.73) and vegetable consumption (crude OR: 0.28, 95CI 0.10-0.46). Conclusions: This study suggests that factors such as family history, HRT, passive smokers, late full-term pregnancy, abortion, sweets consumption and genotype Arg/Arg might increase risk of breast cancer development, whereas late menarche, nulliparity, 13-24 months breastfeeding, daily exercise and vegetable consumption had an inverse association with breast cancer development. © 2020 Amir Shamshirian et al., published by De Gruyter

Investigating the effects of using Nettle (Urtica dioica ), Menta pulagum (Oreganum valgare) and Zizaphora (Thymyus valgaris) medicinal plants on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of broilers

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using Nettle,Menta pulagum and ‌‌Zizaphora medicinal plants on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of broilers. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 288 broilers (Ross-308) in 8 treatments and 3 replicates (with 12 birds in each replicate) from 1 to 42 days and included: 1) control group without using any medicinal plants, 2) 1.5% of ‌‌Nettle, 3) 1.5% of Menta pulagum, 4) 1.5% of Zizaphora, 5) 1.5% of Nettle and Menta pulagum, 6) 1.5% of  Nettle and Zizaphora, 7) 1.5% of Menta pulagum and ‌‌Zizaphora, 8) 1.5% of Nettle,Menta pulagum and ‌‌Zizaphora. The results showed that using these medicinal plants and their mixtures had significant effects on performance, carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters of broilers (