‘Test Driving’ a Financing Instrument for Climate Adaptation: Analyzing Institutional Dilemmas using Simulation Gaming

Urban physical public infrastructure is a frontline defense mechanism to manage and mitigate climate-related impacts. Market instruments are often cited as possible means to spread risk and reduce financial burdens on the public sector. The authors argue that existing research tends to focus on the technical issues of instruments and neglects considering institutional dynamics that may enable or constrain local market-based financing mechanisms. In this article, three core dilemmas (values uncertainty, planning horizon, and indirect benefits) are used to analyze the responses of practitioners to a possible financing instrument. The findings indicate that the practitioner’s responses to tax increment financing were largely shaped by the adaptation dilemmas and not the characteristics of the instrument per se. By mapping the dilemmas onto whether they would recommend it, participants imposed a financial barrier on climate adaptation investments. The authors conclude that a key imperative in the design of policy instruments is to pay attention to the congruency of informal institutions at the ‘street level’ in order to be in-step with the current sociopolitical conditions. The findings also point to four key attributes that a local market-based instrument would need to be aligned and responsive to the Dutch planning and development context

Demographic, clinical and antibody characteristics of patients with digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: data from the DUO Registry

OBJECTIVES: The Digital Ulcers Outcome (DUO) Registry was designed to describe the clinical and antibody characteristics, disease course and outcomes of patients with digital ulcers associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: The DUO Registry is a European, prospective, multicentre, observational, registry of SSc patients with ongoing digital ulcer disease, irrespective of treatment regimen. Data collected included demographics, SSc duration, SSc subset, internal organ manifestations, autoantibodies, previous and ongoing interventions and complications related to digital ulcers. RESULTS: Up to 19 November 2010 a total of 2439 patients had enrolled into the registry. Most were classified as either limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc; 52.2%) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc; 36.9%). Digital ulcers developed earlier in patients with dcSSc compared with lcSSc. Almost all patients (95.7%) tested positive for antinuclear antibodies, 45.2% for anti-scleroderma-70 and 43.6% for anticentromere antibodies (ACA). The first digital ulcer in the anti-scleroderma-70-positive patient cohort occurred approximately 5 years earlier than the ACA-positive patient group. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data from a large cohort of SSc patients with a history of digital ulcers. The early occurrence and high frequency of digital ulcer complications are especially seen in patients with dcSSc and/or anti-scleroderma-70 antibodies

A method to study the management of urban development projects

The management of urban development projects in the Netherlands has changed significantly in recent years. These projects have become mainly ‘led’ by developers as they manage the entire life cycle of development projects, while public actors mainly facilitate development projects. This changes the way projects are organized and managed and might resolve in different outcomes. Therefore, this research aims at understanding the roles of public and private actors in private sector-led urban development projects and aims at determining the effects of their cooperation by conducting empirical research in different contexts. This paper provides a method for academic scholars to study the management of urban development projects, as management has been underestimated in theory as a way to influence project outcomes. A conceptual steering model is introduced which provides opportunities to describe, analyze and compare complex urban development cases. Furthermore, empirical findings from case studies in the Netherlands and England are presented and compared with each other to indicate how the conceptual model can be used.Real Estate and HousingArchitectur

Netherlands: A search for alternative public-private development strategies from neighbouring countries

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Oeffentliche Wasserversorgung und ueberoertliche Wasserverteilung in Hessen (Begleitbroschuere zu der Uebersichtskarte M 1:200 000) Stand: 30. Juni 1986

TIB Hannover: RO 1602(54),5 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLE5. ed.DEGerman

Increasing Spatial Densities of Activities in and around the Port of Rotterdam

Background: Working together on room for growth and sustainability in the Port of Rotterdam is increasing while space in the area is limited. Furthermore the Port is in the vicinity of cities that want to grow while citizens want to live in an environment that is safe, clean and with good quality for living. The Port of Rotterdam therefore needs to work on a \u93license to operate\u94 in harmony with his surroundings. Conducting the port operations in a sustainable and socially responsible way is then a prerequisite. Objective: Building networks of actors for (re)allocation of spatial resources. Given the complexity of the land-use changes and new spatial arrangements in and around the Port of Rotterdam, the (re allocation of spatial resources should be planned, designed and decided on in a multi-actor governance systems. Methods: Constructing multi-level design and decision systems for spatial planning to support the preparation and planning of sustainable areas in and around the Port of Rotterdam. An integration of advanced multi-actor systems (based on group decision making concepts from Operation Research), with management information systems (from Management Science) and spatial urban design systems (Geographical Information Systems, 2/3D Simulation, Gaming) can be developed and applied. Results: An operational multi-actor systems approach of sustainable urban areas. Based on the applications of multi-level design and decision support systems to optimize mutual dependencies concerning spatial objectives and resources for sustainability in port areas and their urban and rural environments. While the design objects are modelled in computer models, the decision-making process is modelled in the interactions of the stakeholders with the tools and each other. This enhances the integrated consideration of the many elements of a design problem, particularly those often regarded as being at odds, such as the economic viability, social responsibility, sustainability and environmental impac

The Self-organizing City: An Analysis of the Institutionalization of Organic Urban Development in the Netherlands

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The self-organizing city: An Analysis of the Institutionalization of Organic Urban Development in the Netherlands

J. Portugali refers to the concept of the self-organizing city as urban development that arises out of the spontaneous local interactions between stakeholders based on the initial conditions chosen/caused by the stakeholders themselves, without active and goal-oriented government intervention. This chapter analyses the extent to which institutional change towards and institutionalization of organic urban development have taken place, and what the underlying determinants are. Dutch cities have for a long time relied on a comprehensive, integrated approach to planning and real estate development, based on a public land development model. A growing attention to self-organization, spontaneous order, and organic area development is not limited to the Netherlands, but can be found across many developed countries. The local authorities in The Hague play an important role in organic urban development, sometimes by participating financially in land acquisition or by initiating cooperation among private actors