MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS (STAD) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKn DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar PKn siswa sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka (library research). Sumber data yang digunakan adalah sumber data sekunder yang diambildari berbagai literatur seperti buku, e-book dan jurnal penelitian terdahulu mulai tahun 2013 sampai tahun 2019. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data Miles and Huberman yang terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan simpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PKn siswa sekolah dasar dengan menerapkan tindakan PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas) dengan tahapan pra siklus, siklus I, siklus II, dan seterusnya dimana hasil belajar IPA siswa dengan rata-rata tingkat ketuntasan belajar pra siklus 40%, siklus I meningkat dengan persentase ketuntasan 70,12%, selanjutnya dilakukan perbaikan pada siklus II rata-rata tingkat ketuntasan belajar meningkat menjadi 91,66%. Begitupun perlakuan eskperimen yang signifikan dapat dilihat dari hasil nilai posttest siswa lebih meningkat dibanding hasil nilai pretest siswa dengan rata-rata skor pretest mencapai 53,10 sedangkan posttest mencapai 78,81. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan manual diperoleh thitung = 3,675 > ttabel= 2,021 yang menandakan bahwa tingkat kebermaknaannya signifikan dan Ha dinyatakan diterima. Artinya terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) terhadap hasil belajar PKn  siswa Sekolah Dasar.&nbsp

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa Babakan, Kecamatan Darmaga, Kabupaten Bogor dalam Upaya Swamedikasi Menggunakan Tanaman Obat

Looking by the lack of information about medicinal plants and not good enough effort by the member of PKK in optimizing swamedication with medicinal plants, IbM held three types of training about swamedication using medicinal plants and monitoring the program. The purpose of this program is to improve the skills and knowledge of every member of PKK about medicial plants, grow the plants at limited space and gain the benefits from medicinal plants for inhabitant. The first training was about improving knowledge about medicinal plants and distribute seedling of medicinal plants which can plant at house yards. The second training was about production techniques of fourinds traditional medicine: jamu beras kencur, kunyit asam, galohgor and instant type of beras kencur. The last training was about techniques for organic compost from household waste. Process of evaluating and monitoring held after all the training done, then there was interview session and held a competition of producing jamu. The evaluation shows there was some improvement in consumption of beras kencur and kunyit asam families and inhabitant. Also, there was indication of transferred information from aenoughtrained member to not-trained member in informal ways. Overall, all of the programs has done with good achievement. This programs already made a significant improvement in public information about medicinal plants

Pembangunan Database Mangrove untuk Biodiversity Informatics Biofarmaka IPB

Mangroves are a source of traditional medicine that can be used as a source of bioactive compounds. With the conversion of mangrove ecosystem into another designation led to the extinction of mangrove ecosystems. Therefore we need a good management of natural resources. In natural resource management, biodiversity information is needed to sustain the species utilization, exploration potential of the species and their biological and ecological monitoring, policy making, and for the development of biotechnology innovation. Research center of IPB Biopharmaca (Institute for Research and Community Services of Bogor Agricultural University) has the mandate to conduct research from upstream to downstream in the medicinal field. This study develops Indonesian mangrove biodiversity database for Biodiversity Informatics. Biodiversity informatics (BI) is the development of computer-based technologies for the management of biodiversity information. BI can be used to improve the knowledge management (knowledge management), exploration, analysis, synthesis, and interpretation of data ranging from the level of genomic biodiversity, species level to the ecosystem level. From the results of this study are expected data, information and knowledge of natural wealth mangroves can be managed properly so that the preservation of natural resources can be properly maintained and can be used in particular to the field of medicinal studies

A Brief Review on Fabrication of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode: Materials and Techniques

Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is one of the most interesting designs to combine a working (from carbon based material), reference, and counter electrode in a single-printed substrate. SPCE has been used in many electrochemical measurements due to its advantages for analysis in microscale. This paper summarises the main information about SPCE fabrication from the material and fabrication technique aspect on the flat substrate based on the work that has been published in the last 30 years. The success of SPCE fabrication is highly dependent on the composition of conductive ink which consists of conductive materials, binder, and solvents; substrate; and fabrication techniques. Among the carbon-based materials, the most widely used for SPCE fabrications are graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. The frequent binder used are polymer-based materials such as polystyrene, polyaniline, poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and polyvinyl chloride. The solvents used for SPCE fabrication are varied including water and various organic solvents. The main characteristics of the SPCE substrate should be inert in order to avoid any interferences during electrochemical measurements. The screen printing and inkjet printing technique are preferred for SPCE fabrication due to easy fabrication and the possibility for mass production of SPCE

Potensi Daerah Sidik Jari Spektrum Inframerah Sebagai Penanda Bioaktovitas Ekstrak Tanaman Obat

Efficacy and quality of medicinal plant extracts depend on chemical composition therein. Therefore, to ensure its efficacy orquality, the chemical composition of extracts have to be analyzed based on its chemical marker or its chemical pattern. This study tried to develop a method for extracts quality assay based on infrared spectrum in fingerprint region and extracts inhibition activity to xanthine oxidase. Five extracts from kunyit (Curcuma domestica), temulawak ( C xanthorriza), jahe (Zingiber officina/e), temukunci (Boesenbergia pandurata), and cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum) were tested to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. The bioactive data of extracts and its infrared spectrum was analyzed using PCA and PLS-DA (partial least squarediscriminant analysis). Almost all extracts that were tested showed inhibition activity to xanthine oxidase activity, except the extract of jahe. The result showed that PCA can group all of extract into each of their region. Meanwhile, PLS-DA has shown to be a good prediction model for classifying extracts based on fingerprint region of its mR Spectrum and its biological activity. Keywords: fingerprint, mR spectra, compound marker, xanthine oxidas

Potensi Daerah Sidik Jari Spektrum Inframerah Sebagai Penanda Bioaktovitas Ekstrak Tanaman Obat

Efficacy and quality of medicinal plant extracts depend on chemical composition therein. Therefore, to ensure its efficacy orquality, the chemical composition of extracts have to be analyzed based on its chemical marker or its chemical pattern. This study tried to develop a method for extracts quality assay based on infrared spectrum in fingerprint region and extracts inhibition activity to xanthine oxidase. Five extracts from kunyit (Curcuma domestica), temulawak ( C xanthorriza), jahe (Zingiber officina/e), temukunci (Boesenbergia pandurata), and cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum) were tested to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. The bioactive data of extracts and its infrared spectrum was analyzed using PCA and PLS-DA (partial least squarediscriminant analysis). Almost all extracts that were tested showed inhibition activity to xanthine oxidase activity, except the extract of jahe. The result showed that PCA can group all of extract into each of their region. Meanwhile, PLS-DA has shown to be a good prediction model for classifying extracts based on fingerprint region of its mR Spectrum and its biological activity. Keywords: fingerprint, mR spectra, compound marker, xanthine oxidas

Identification of Significant Proteins Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Using Network Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions

Computation approach to identify significance of proteins related with disease was proposed as one of the solutions from the problem of experimental method application which is generally high cost and time consuming. The case of study was conducted on Diabetes Melitus (DM) type 2 diseases. Identification of significant proteins was conducted by constructing protein-protein interactions network and then analyzing the network topology. Dataset was obtained from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) which provided protein data related with a disease and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI), respectively. The results of topology analysis towards Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) showed that there were 21 significant protein associated with DM where INS as a network center protein and AKTI, TCF7L2, KCNJ11, PPARG, GCG, INSR, IAPP, SOCS3 were proteins that had close relation directly with INS

Quantitative HPLC and FTIR-based metabolomics for clustering Centella asiatica cultivation ages and evaluation of their radical scavenging activity

Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant used to treat stomachache, cough, sore throat, blood booster, and skin diseases. The difference in harvesting time is among the factors that can significantly affect the chemical composition of C. asiatica. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of C. asiatica cultivation ages through a metabolomics (targeted and untargeted) analysis using FTIR spectra, HPLC analysis of four main components, and evaluation of its radical scavenging activity. The results showed that differences in cultivation ages affected the chemical composition of C. asiatica. It was shown by the FTIR spectrum indicating the vibration of several functional groups such as OH, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, C-N, C-O phenol, and alkyl halides with differences in their intensities. The results of the HPLC showed that C. asiatica harvested after four months post-planting (MPP) had the highest content of madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and asiatic acid, respectively. A principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to clustering C. asiatica based on its cultivation ages. The PCA results showed that each sample could be grouped with a total variance of the first two principal components (PC) using peak are of the four main components analyzed by HPLC and absorbance at wavenumber 400-4000 cm-1 from FTIR spectra were 98% and 95%, respectively. The radical scavenging activity demonstrated that the 4 MPP had the highest inhibition of about 53.81±0.92 %. So, C. asiatica at 4 MPP gave optimum level four main metabolite content and radical scavenging activity

Chemical Fingerprint Berbasis Spektroskopi Inframerah (ATR-FTIR) Dipadukan dengan Kemometrik Untuk Kontrol Kualitas Daun Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa Korth.)

Kratom dijuluki sebagai daun narkotika dari Kalimantan yang memiliki berbagai efek biologi seperti antiinflamasi dan antinoseptif. Secara tradisional daun kratom digunakan untuk menambah stamina, mengobati diare, sakit perut, susah tidur, kolesterol, asam urat, dan diabetes. Permintaan daun kratom di pasaran begitu tinggi sehingga memunculkan masalah berupa pemalsuan daun tersebut dari tanaman yang memiliki kemiripan morfologi.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode  analisis  untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengautentikasi  daun kratom  dari daun jambu biji. Data hasil analisis ATR-FTIR dikombinasikan dengan analisis kemometrika untuk mengklasifikasikan serta mengelompokan data tersebut, sehingga dapat membedakan daun kratom dan daun jambu biji. Metode analisis ATR-FTIR yang dipadukan dengan analisis kemometrik melalui pemodelan PCA (Principal Component Analysis) dan PLS-DA (Partial Least SquaresDiscriminant Analysis) mampu membedakan daun kratom dan daun jambu biji. PCA dengan nilai PC 90% mampu mengelompokkan sampel daun kratom dan daun jambu biji. Model PLSDA berhasil memprediksi keaslian sampel uji daun kratom yang telah dicampur dengan daun jambu biji. Pembuatan model prediksi daun kratom dengan PLS menghasilkan R2 kalibrasi, R2 prediksi, RMSEC, dan RMSEV masing-masing sebesar 0,9068; 0,8641; 0,1366 dan 0,1666.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa spektra ATR-FTIR dan kemometrik dapat digunakan untuk membedakan daun kratom dengan daun jambu biji serta mampu memprediksi keaslian daun kratom yang dipalsukan.