PI3K Signaling in Normal B Cells and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

B cells provide immunity to extracellular pathogens by secreting a diverse repertoire of antibodies with high affinity and specificity for exposed antigens. The B cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane antibody, which facilitates the clonal selection of B cells producing secreted antibodies of the same specificity. The diverse antibody repertoire is generated by V(D)J recombination of heavy and light chain genes, whereas affinity maturation is mediated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated mutagenesis. These processes, which are essential for the generation of adaptive humoral immunity, also render B cells susceptible to chromosomal rearrangements and point mutations that in some cases lead to cancer. In this chapter, we will review the central role of PI3K s in mediating signals from the B cell receptor that not only facilitate the development of functional B cell repertoire, but also support the growth and survival of neoplastic B cells, focusing on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. Perhaps because of the central role played by PI3K in BCR signaling, B cell leukemia and lymphomas are the first diseases for which a PI3K inhibitor has been approved for clinical use

TUBERCULOSE ET INFECTION A VIH (ETUDE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE, CLINIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE DE 73 PATIENTS SUIVIS A L'HOPITAL DE JOUR DE MAPUTO (MOZAMBIQUE) ENTRE JANVIER 1996 ET FEVRIER 1998)

PARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocCentre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique: Influence d'une phase liquide sur la structure de YBa_2Cu_3O_7_-_d polycristallin

SIGLEINIST T 71043 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Spatial and interannual variability of presettlement tropical fish assemblages explained by remote sensing oceanic conditions

Understanding the interannual effect of various environmental factors on biodiversity distribution is fundamental for developing biological monitoring tools. The interannual variability of environmental factors on presettlement fish assemblages (PFAs) has been so far under investigated, especially in Madagascar. Numerous explanatory variables including local hydro-dynamic conditions recorded during the sampling night, characteristics of the benthic substrate and remotely sensed oceanic conditions (RSOC) were used to explain the spatio-temporal variability of PFAs in southwestern Madagascar. Gradient forest analyses were used to hierarchically classify the effect of these explanatory variables on the PFAs for two sites and during two different recruitment seasons. RSOC variables appeared to better explain the PFAs than the local variable and the characteristics of the benthic substrate. The PFAs caught in water masses with coastal characteristics were better explained than those with open water characteristics. This spatial variability is hypothesised to be linked to differences in feeding conditions among water masses. The gradient forest analyses also highlighted the complexity of predicting PFAs as the species for which abundances were better explained by RSOC variables varied between years. This interannual variability was mainly explained by the interannual variation of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, wind and surface current, with better prediction obtained during the year with high Chl a values associated with high averaged sea surface temperature. These findings suggest the importance of forecasting Chl a concentrations, taking into account the impact of tropical storms and climate variability in order to predict PFAs in the future

La norme calligraphique et ses marges : affaire de style, affaire d’état. </br>: Séminaire du musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac 2019 : La norme et ses limites.

Fonds audiovisuel de l'Inalco, France, © année 2019L’écriture sert à transmettre, communiquer, indiquer, exprimer, diffuser un sentiment, une émotion, une pensée, une information, une loi. Quand on parle de shufa 書法, la méthode, la loi ( 法 fa) de l'écriture (書 shu), on regarde alors cette pratique sous un angle différent. On ne s’intéresse plus à la capacité de l’écrit à communiquer, mais à sa matérialité et à la sensation concomitante à la création, à la sensation qui se dégage à la lecture. On observe la structure des caractères, l’agencement des traits, les variations de vitesse dans l’exécution. On s’intéresse au tempérament de celui qui écrit, à l’allure particulière qu’il donne à son texte, enfin à l’émotion que sa lecture nous procure. La calligraphie, outre les fonctions de communication et d'information qu'elle partage avec l'écriture, véhicule une certaine sensibilité, une certaine esthétique, dues à la personnalité du calligraphe, à la recherche d'une certaine forme plastique, à la trace du temps et de l'histoire, visibles dans le respect de la tradition, la transmission des styles des grands maîtres et les préférences stylistiques des empereurs. Quels sont dès lors les rapports entre tradition, transmission et normes calligraphiques

High Temperature Fire & Overheat Sensor Elements (FOSE) for aircraft Fire & Overheat Detection System (FODS)

One of the 21st century major challenges is to answer the growing mobility by a carbon saver solution. For aeronautics, improvement of engine architecture (NIPSE European project) permits to reduce its volume and so to get more space for passengers & freight (15%), to save weight and fuel consumption (2-3% i.e. 1% CO2 emissions). This optimization hinges on integrating the engine and the nacelle into single assembly (Ultra High-Bypass Ratio turbofan engines or UHBR) that means equipment close to engine (calculator, valves, but also sensors and their extension cables…) have to resist higher temperatures. The Fire and Overheat Detection System (FODS) is a critical component for safe working of the aircraft as it controls and prevents from overheat and fire all those electrical equipment and the engine itself. THERMOCOAX, manufacturer of Mineral Insulated Cable (MIC) for over 60 years, is a privileged partner of the aeronautics industry (anti-icing for air inlet, pitot sensor, drain mast and thermal measurement from thermocouples to complete systems such as harnesses). For 25 years THERMOCOAX has manufactured Fire and Overheat Sensor Elements (FOSE) - the sensitive part of FODS - and as a specialist has taken part in this innovative project. The sensing principle of FOSE lies on electrical insulation resistance (IR) drop as the cable is exposed to heat. A wide range of research was made to find technical solutions for the new thermal specification. The difficulty comes from having IR with good sensitivity and linearity at temperature, covering a large temperature range: overheat threshold of either 473K ( 200°C) or 873K ( 600°C) depending on the location of the sensor. Also, the FOSE has to remain functional after 2 fires at 1453K ( 1180°C) during 5 min each, so the sensor sensitive insulant must not be deteriorated. Several solutions based either on thermistor powders or on percolation effect powders have been tested by miscellaneous trials: repeatability, thermal cycling, fire resistance test, local response at different room temperatures (from RT to 723K) and homogeneity along the cable. Finally, a new insulant solution has been selected to be integrated to the FOSE future generation. The other aspect of those new temperature rates is the electrical connectics that should not deteriorate the FOSE response, especially when the aircraft is in overheat or fire situation. So, a new design of 3 contacts ceramic-metal connector has been developed to resist more than 2 fires without generating parasite responses and to fit with aeronautics standards. Severe environment requested by NIPSE project forces THERMOCOAX to develop a new technology of FOSE based on insulant advanced studies and specific connectors to resist high temperature