110 research outputs found
Personality Assessment Inventory internalizing and externalizing structure in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Associations with aggression: PTSD and Aggression
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with aggressive behavior in veterans, and difficulty controlling aggressive urges has been identified as a primary postdeployment readjustment concern. Yet only a fraction of veterans with PTSD commit violent acts. The goals of this study were to (1) examine the higher-order factor structure of Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) scales in a sample of U.S. military veterans seeking treatment for PTSD; and (2) to evaluate the incremental validity of higher-order latent factors of the PAI over PTSD symptom severity in modeling aggression. The study sample included male U.S. Vietnam (n = 433) and Iraq/Afghanistan (n = 165) veterans who were seeking treatment for PTSD at an outpatient Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic. Measures included the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, the PAI, and the Conflict Tactics Scale. The sample was randomly split into two equal subsamples (nâs = 299) to allow for cross-validation of statistically derived factors. Parallel analysis, variable clustering analysis, and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the factor structure, and regression was used to examine the association of factor scores with self-reports of aggression over the past year. Three factors were identified: internalizing, externalizing, and substance abuse. Externalizing explained unique variance in aggression beyond PTSD symptom severity and demographic factors, while internalizing and substance abuse did not. Service era was unrelated to reports of aggression. The constructs of internalizing versus externalizing dimensions of PTSD may have utility in identifying characteristics of combat veterans in the greatest need of treatment to help manage aggressive urges
Immunochemotherapy With Obinutuzumab or Rituximab for Previously Untreated Follicular Lymphoma in the GALLIUM Study: Influence of Chemotherapy on Efficacy and Safety
PurposeThe GALLIUM study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01332968) showed that obinutuzumab (GA101;G) significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma relative to rituximab (R) when combined with cyclophosphamide (C), doxorubicin, vincristine (V), and prednisone (P;CHOP);CVP;or bendamustine. This report focuses on the impact of chemotherapy backbone on efficacy and safety.Patients and Methods: A total of 1,202 patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma (grades 1 to 3a), advanced disease (stage III or IV, or stage II with tumor diameter 7 cm), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, and requiring treatment were randomly assigned 1:1 to G 1,000 mg on days 1, 8, and 15 of cycle 1 and day 1 of subsequent cycles or R 375 mg/m(2) on day 1 of each cycle, for six to eight cycles, depending on chemotherapy (allocated nonrandomly by center). Responding patients received G or R for 2 years or until disease progression.Results: Baseline Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index risk, bulky disease, and comorbidities differed by chemotherapy. After 41.1 months median follow-up, PFS (primary end point) was superior for G plus chemotherapy (overall hazard ratio [HR], 0.68;95% CI, 0.54 to 0.87;P = .0016), with consistent results across chemotherapy backbones (bendamustine: HR, 0.63;95% CI, 0.46 to 0.88;CHOP: HR, 0.72;95% CI, 0.48 to 1.10;CVP: HR, 0.79;95% CI, 0.42 to 1.47). Grade 3 to 5 adverse events, notably cytopenias, were most frequent with CHOP. Grade 3 to 5 infections and second neoplasms were most frequent with bendamustine, which was associated with marked and prolonged reductions in T-cell counts. Fatal events were more frequent in patients treated with bendamustine, possibly reflecting differences in patient risk profiles.Conclusion: Improved PFS was observed for G plus chemotherapy for all three chemotherapy backbones. Safety profiles differed, although comparisons are confounded by nonrandom chemotherapy allocation
Consumer Perspectives on Genetic Testing for Psychiatric Disorders: The Attitudes of Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Their Families
The perspectives of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on genetic research have not yet been investigated in the genetics research literature. To provide a basis for research on attitudes toward genetic research in PTSD, we surveyed the U.S. Military Afghanistan/Iraq-era veterans with PTSD and their social support companions to investigate the attitudes and knowledge about genetics and genetic testing. One hundred forty-six veterans (76 with PTSD and 70 without PTSD) participated in this study. Each veteran participant had a corresponding companion (primarily spouses, but also relatives and friends) who they identified as a primary member of their social support network. Participants and companions completed self-report measures on knowledge of genetics and attitudes toward genetic testing for PTSD. Results indicated that, relative to veterans without PTSD, veterans with PTSD had similar levels of genetic knowledge, but less-favorable attitudes toward genetic testing. Differences persisted after controlling for age and genetics knowledge. No differences between companions of those with and without PTSD were observed. Results suggest that the perspective of those with PTSD regarding genetic testing is in need of further investigation, especially if potentially beneficial genetic testing for PTSD is to be utilized in the target population
Demonstration of an ultracold micro-optomechanical oscillator in a cryogenic cavity
Preparing and manipulating quantum states of mechanical resonators is a
highly interdisciplinary undertaking that now receives enormous interest for
its far-reaching potential in fundamental and applied science. Up to now, only
nanoscale mechanical devices achieved operation close to the quantum regime. We
report a new micro-optomechanical resonator that is laser cooled to a level of
30 thermal quanta. This is equivalent to the best nanomechanical devices,
however, with a mass more than four orders of magnitude larger (43 ng versus 1
pg) and at more than two orders of magnitude higher environment temperature (5
K versus 30 mK). Despite the large laser-added cooling factor of 4,000 and the
cryogenic environment, our cooling performance is not limited by residual
absorption effects. These results pave the way for the preparation of 100-um
scale objects in the quantum regime. Possible applications range from
quantum-limited optomechanical sensing devices to macroscopic tests of quantum
physics.Comment: Published versio
Some Calculable Contributions to Holographic Entanglement Entropy
Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we examine entanglement entropy for a
boundary theory deformed by a relevant operator and establish two results. The
first is that if there is a contribution which is logarithmic in the UV
cut-off, then the coefficient of this term is independent of the state of the
boundary theory. In fact, the same is true of all of the coefficients of
contributions which diverge as some power of the UV cut-off. Secondly, we show
that the relevant deformation introduces new logarithmic contributions to the
entanglement entropy. The form of some of these new contributions is similar to
that found recently in an investigation of entanglement entropy in a free
massive scalar field theory [1].Comment: 52 pages, no figure
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