Radiative η′\eta' Decays, the Topological Susceptibility and the Witten-Veneziano Mass Formula

The formulae describing the radiative decays \eta'(\eta)\rta\c\c in QCD beyond the chiral limit are derived. The modifications of the conventional PCAC formulae due to the gluonic contribution to the axial anomaly in the flavour singlet channel are precisely described. The decay constants are found to satisfy a modified Dashen formula which generalises the Witten--Veneziano formula for the mass of the $\eta'$. Combining these results, it is shown how the topological susceptibility in QCD with massive, dynamical quarks may be extracted from measurements of \eta'(\eta)\rta\c\c.Comment: TeX, 21 pages, no figures, uses harvma

Determinantes de la diversificación productiva, y su efecto en el ingreso agrícola de pequeños productores de la Provincia de Linares – VII Región, Chile

47 p.En las zonas rurales de Chile se concentran los mayores índices de pobreza. Por esta razón la diversificación de cultivos se presenta como una opción considerable para poder aumentar los ingresos agrícolas. En el presente estudio, se describieron las características socioeconómicas y productivas, y se determinaron los factores que afectan la diversificación productiva para una muestra de 307 agricultores provenientes de comunidades de agua (CdA) de la Provincia de Linares. Además se relacionó el rol de la diversificación predial a través del Índice de Herfindahl con el ingreso agrícola. Las variables utilizadas para este análisis fueron Índice de Herfindahl, edad, sexo, años de escolaridad, autoconsumo, Zonas agroecológicas de Putagán-Achibueno, Melado y Longaví, hectáreas totales, acceso a crédito, asesoría técnica y un índice de participación social. Del análisis se puede concluir que el Índice de Herfindahl promedio era de 0,69, y las variables que generan una mayor diversificación son sexo, tamaño familiar, Zona agroecología de Melado y Putagán-Achibueno, hectáreas totales, acceso a crédito y asesoría técnica; y las variables que influyen negativamente son edad, escolaridad, autoconsumo y participación social. Finalmente, al separar a los agricultores en tres grupos según el Índice que poseían (HHI promedio de 0,36; 0,57; 0,99) se reveló que los productores pertenecientes al grupo 3 (HHI promedio 0,36) presentaban una mayor diversificación de cultivos y mayor ingreso agrícola./ABSTRACT: In Chile, the higher rates of poverty are concentrated in rural areas. For this reason the role of crop diversification is an option to increase the farm income. In this study, it described the productive and socio-economic characteristics, and it determined the factors affecting crop diversification for a sample of 307 farmers from water communities (CdA) in the Province of Linares. Besides, a link of diversification through the Herfindahl index and farm income was studied. The variables used for this analysis were Herfindahl index, age, gender, education, subsistence, agro-ecological areas (Putagán-Achibueno, Longaví, Melado), farm size, access to credit, extension and an index of social participation. From the analysis it can be concluded that the Herfindahl index on average was 0.69, and variables that generated greater diversification were sex, family size, area of Melado and Putagán-Achibueno, farm size, access to credit and extension; and the variables affecting negatively were age, years of schooling, subsistence and social participation. Finally, we divide the farmers into three groups according to the Herfindahl index that possessed (0.36; 0.57; 0.99) and the results show that farmers of group 3 (0.36 average HHI) presented a greater diversification of crops, and higher farm income

Fauxcurrence: simulating multi-species occurrences for null models in species distribution modelling and biogeography

The work was funded by Newton Fund (UK)/NERC (UK)/RISTEKDIKTI (Indonesia) grants awarded to JT, BJ, ACA, ASTP, CG-R, GB and LTL (grant no.: NE/S006923/1, NE/S006893/1, 2488/IT3.L1/PN/2020 and 3982/IT3.L1/PN/2020). GB and CG-R are funded by Royal Society Univ. Research Fellowships (UF160614 and UF150571 respectively).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Plan tecnológico Centro de Biotecnología Industrial 2030 : “Innovación y tecnología para el desarrollo regional”

Se presenta el plan tecnológico del Centro de Biotecnología Industrial del SENA con visión a 2030 el cual se concibe cómo un instrumento que permite: la mejora del desempeño, identificar y optar por tecnologías teniendo en cuenta las necesidades futuras de las empresas regionales, nacionales y sus tendencias mundiales, con el fin de aportar a la competitividad y productividad del país.The technological plan of the SENA Industrial Biotechnology Center with a vision of 2030 is presented, which is conceived as an instrument that allows: performance improvement, identifying and choosing technologies taking into account the future needs of regional and national companies and their world trends, in order to contribute to the competitiveness and productivity of the country.Fase I. Análisis y diagnóstico estratégico -- Seguimiento al plan tecnológico inmediatamente anterior -- Análisis externo del centro de formación -- Análisis interno del centro de formación -- Cruce DOFA -- Vigilancia científico-tecnológica -- Vigilancia competitiva -- Fase II. Formulación estratégica -- Mapa de trayectoria tecnológica -- Validación con expertos – Construcción de escenarios -- Formulación estratégica -- Fase III. Recomendaciones estratégicas.na261 página

On the Use of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Automated Test Suite Generation in Software Testing

There exists a dire need to automate the process of test suite generation to get the most optimal results as testing accounts for more than 40% of total cost. A solution consists of using meta-heuristic algorithms which iteratively improve the test data to reach the most optimized test suites. The goal of the study is to find the best suited algorithm to narrow down future research in the field of test automation and also provide issues on the design of new proposals. We focus on the performance evaluation of different major Meta-Heuristic Algorithms namely: Hill Climbing Algorithm (HCA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CA), Bat Algorithm (BA) and Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC). Each algorithm is implemented to automatically generate test suites based on the program under test. Then, we develop a performance evaluation of each algorithm for five programs written in Java. The algorithms are compared using several process metrics (average time, best time, worst time) and also product metrics (path coverage & objective function values of the generated test suites). Results indicate ABC as the best suited algorithm as it gave the most optimal Test Suites in reasonable time. BA is the fastest one but produced less optimal results. FA is the slowest algorithm while CA, PSO and HCA perform in between. Some issues and strategies to create hybrid algorithms are discusses and pointed out