Análisis y métodos urbano arquitectónicos : textos de docencia

1 archivo PDF (80 páginas)Estudia "la relación dinámica entre la acción humana y la acción del medio ambiente, como origen de diversas líneas temáticas de estudio para el sitio y como elemento relevante de la producción de los espacios físicos y sociales. ... se esboza el aspecto interdisciplinario del análisis como un ingrediente de la estructuración de ideas fundamentales relacionadas con el sitio, referidas principalmente a la producción del espacio, ya sea urbano o arquitectónico. Con base a estas perspectivas los trabajos que se han compilado en esta edición se ubican en cinco capítulos, los cuales han sido organizados considerando la estructura física del sitio, abordada con artículos como: Análisis del sitio; el “lugar” en Arquitectura y Delimitación por color: ¿Morfología para principiantes?; su estructura vital, en donde se ubican títulos como: Aproximaciones al espacio en transformación y El espacio de la fenomenología, para finalmente explorar el cruce de los límites tradicionales entre estos campos y otras disciplinas académicas mediante el tema: Algunas reflexiones socio espaciales para el diseño interdisciplinario. ...

Simulación Numérica del Efecto de un Mecanismo de Estratificación de Aire en un Quemador de Alta Velocidad

In this work, staged air combustion in a high speed burner was analyzed by mean of numerical simulation in order to determine its effects on temperature distribution and pollutant chemical species formation such as CO and NOx. The simulations were achieved using the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT as a design tool to predict the behavior of the thermal system and to establish operation conditions with or without staged air. Eddy Dissipation model was used for combustion simulation, while k - ε Realizable and Discrete Ordinates models were utilized for turbulence and radiation simulation, respectively. Results show that staged air mechanism allows better flame stabilization, combustion reactions initiation and fuel-air mixing. The CO formation was different in reaction zone and NOx emissions were not significantly influenced by the staged air.En este trabajo se analizó por medio de simulación numérica el efecto de la estratificación de aire en un quemador de alta velocidad con el fin de determinar su efecto sobre la distribución de temperatura, la estabilidad de llama y la formación de especies químicas contaminantes como CO y NOx. Las simulaciones se realizaron utilizando el software comercial ANSYS FLUENT para predecir el comportamiento del sistema con y sin uso del mecanismo de suministro de aire por etapas. En cada simulación se empleó el modelo Eddy Dissipation para la combustión, mientras que los modelos k - ε Realizable y Ordenadas Discretas fueron usados para la simulación del flujo turbulento y la radiación, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que el uso de un mecanismo para estratificar el aire favorece la estabilización de llama, la iniciación de las reacciones de combustión y el mecanismo de mezclado. La formación de CO presentó diferencias en la zona de reacción y las emisiones de NOx no fueron significativamente influenciadas por el mecanismo de estratificación de aire

Design of synthetic bacterial communities for predictable plant phenotypes

Specific members of complex microbiota can influence host phenotypes, depending on both the abiotic environment and the presence of other microorganisms. Therefore, it is challenging to define bacterial combinations that have predictable host phenotypic outputs. We demonstrate that plant-bacterium binary-association assays inform the design of small synthetic communities with predictable phenotypes in the host. Specifically, we constructed synthetic communities that modified phosphate accumulation in the shoot and induced phosphate starvation-responsive genes in a predictable fashion. We found that bacterial colonization of the plant is not a predictor of the plant phenotypes we analyzed. Finally, we demonstrated that characterizing a subset of all possible bacterial synthetic communities is sufficient to predict the outcome of untested bacterial consortia. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to infer causal relationships between microbiota membership and host phenotypes and to use these inferences to rationally design novel communitie

Postnatal immune activation causes social deficits in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis: Role of microglia and clinical implications

There is growing evidence that prenatal immune activation contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we show that early postnatal immune activation resulted in profound impairments in social behavior, including in social memory in adult male mice heterozygous for a gene responsible for tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc2+/−), a genetic disorder with high prevalence of autism. Early postnatal immune activation did not affect either wild-type or female Tsc2+/− mice. We demonstrate that these memory deficits are caused by abnormal mammalian target of rapamycin–dependent interferon signaling and impairments in microglia function. By mining the medical records of more than 3 million children followed from birth, we show that the prevalence of hospitalizations due to infections in males (but not in females) is associated with future development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Together, our results suggest the importance of synergistic interactions between strong early postnatal immune activation and mutations associated with ASD

Haematological cancers: improving outcomes. A summary of updated NICE service guidance in relation to Specialist Integrated Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Services (SIHMDS).

Haematological malignancies are a diverse group of cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow and lymphatic systems. Laboratory diagnosis of haematological malignancies is dependent on combining several technologies, including morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular genetics correlated clinical details and classification according to the current WHO guidelines. The concept of the Specialised Integrated Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Services (SIHMDS) has evolved since the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Improving Outcomes Guidance (IOG) in 2003 and subsequently various models of delivery have been established. As part of the 2016 update to the NICE IOG, these models were systematically evaluated and recommendations produced to form the basis for quality standards for future development of SIHMDS. We provide a summary of the systematic review and recommendations. Although the recommendations pertain to the UK National Health Service (NHS), they have relevance to the modern delivery of diagnostic services internationally

Combinatorial CRISPR screen identifies fitness effects of gene paralogues.

Genetic redundancy has evolved as a way for human cells to survive the loss of genes that are single copy and essential in other organisms, but also allows tumours to survive despite having highly rearranged genomes. In this study we CRISPR screen 1191 gene pairs, including paralogues and known and predicted synthetic lethal interactions to identify 105 gene combinations whose co-disruption results in a loss of cellular fitness. 27 pairs influence fitness across multiple cell lines including the paralogues FAM50A/FAM50B, two genes of unknown function. Silencing of FAM50B occurs across a range of tumour types and in this context disruption of FAM50A reduces cellular fitness whilst promoting micronucleus formation and extensive perturbation of transcriptional programmes. Our studies reveal the fitness effects of FAM50A/FAM50B in cancer cells

Geobiology of Andean Microbial Ecosystems Discovered in Salar de Atacama, Chile

The Salar de Atacama in the Chilean Central Andes harbors unique microbial ecosystems due to extreme environmental conditions, such as high altitude, low oxygen pressure, high solar radiation, and high salinity. Combining X-ray diffraction analyses, scanning electron microscopy and molecular diversity studies, we have characterized twenty previously unexplored Andean microbial ecosystems in eight different lakes and wetlands from the middle-east and south-east regions of this salt flat. The mats and microbialites studied are mainly formed by calcium carbonate (aragonite and calcite) and halite, whereas the endoevaporites are composed predominantly of gypsum and halite. The carbonate-rich mats and microbialites are dominated by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla. Within the phylum Proteobacteria, the most abundant classes are Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. While in the phylum Bacteroidetes, the most abundant classes are Bacteroidia and Rhodothermia. Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia phyla are also wellrepresented in the majority of these systems. Gypsum endoevaporites, on the contrary, are dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Euryarchaeota phyla. The Cyanobacteria phylum is also abundant in these systems, but it is less represented in comparison to mats and microbialites. Regarding the eukaryotic taxa, diatoms are key structural components in most of the microbial ecosystems studied. The genera of diatoms identified were Achnanthes, Fallacia, Halamphora, Mastogloia, Navicula, Nitzschia, and Surirella. Normally, in the mats and microbialites, diatoms form nano-globular carbonate aggregates with filamentous cyanobacteria and other prokaryotic cells, suggesting their participation in the mineral precipitation process. This work expands our knowledge of the microbial ecosystems inhabiting the extreme environments from the Central Andes region, which is important to ensure their protection and conservation.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica