Efecte de la melassa sola i combinada amb Trichoderma sobre la densitat fungica i bacteriana del sol

The sedative endoparasitic phytopathogenic nematodes of the genus Meloidoyne spp are the main causes of pathologies in agriculture. Currently, to eradicate these pathogens chemical agents are used, mainly nematicides, which affect the environment and human health. During the last years, the searching of alternatives not so aggressive but equally effective has been enhanced. In this project, the application of the combination of molasses and fungus Trichoderma asperellum (T34) in tomatoes is presented as a possible alternative. To achieve this goal, semifield and field experiments were performed. In semifield conditions, the optimum dose of molasses was determined from the weekly application of unique molasses doses (0, 5, 10, 20 o 40 mL m-2) or combined with T34. The inoculation of T34 was at a rate of 0,5 g m-2 for 24 hours before the tomato transplantation, and just afterwards, the plants were watered with a spore suspension at 0,01 g L-1. One day after the transplantation, the plants were inoculated with Meloidogyne spp with 1 J2 per cm3. When the nematode fulfilled one generation, activity and microbial density of the ground (FDA), fungi and bacteria quantification (qPCR), infection severity (index of galls) and multiplication of nematodes (eggs per plant) were analysed for each of the treatments. Next, trials were conducted in two fields (Castellbisbal and Martorell) infested by Meloidogyne spp. The molasses irrigation pattern was determined in the semifields experiments and the same parameters as semifield experiment were determined. In semifield condition, the reduction of the nematodes was mainly observed in the application of molasses in the doses 5 and 10 mL m-2 combined with T34, since a decrease in the galls index and in the relation eggs/plant, and an increase in the FDA and in the fungal density were observed. At 40 mL m-2 of molasses, plants showed strong phytotoxicity. The dose of 10 mL m-2 was selected to be applied in the fields. In Castellbisbal, in the application of molasses, a reduction of the nematodes was determined, while in the treatment of molasses combined with T34, the reduction of the nematodes was not as severe as in the semifield condition. In contrast, in Martorell, no decrease of the nematode was observed. This could be due to the fact that having different characteristics of the soil could affect the distribution of products, as well as the presence of the mycophages in the soil by interfering with the proliferation of the microorganisms introduced.Els nematodes fitopatogens endoparasits sedentaris del genere Meloidoyne spp son els principals causants de patologies en l’agricultura. Actualment, per eradicar aquests patogens s’utilitzen agents quimics, principalment nematicides, els quals afecten al medi ambient i la salut humana. Durant els ultims anys s’ha potenciat la recerca d’alternatives no tant agressives pero igual d’efectives. En aquest projecte es presenta com a possible alternativa l’aplicacio de la combinacio de la melassa i el fong Trichoderma asperellum (T34) en tomaqueres. Per tal d’assolir l’objectiu presentat es van dur a terme experiments de semicamp i camp. En condicions de semicamp, es va determinar la dosi optima de melassa a partir de l’aplicacio setmanal de les dosis 0, 5, 10, 20 o 40 mL m-2 de melassa sola o combinada amb T34. La inoculacio de T34 va ser a rao de 0,5 g m-2 durant 24 hores abans de la trasplantacio de la tomaquera, i just despres, les plantes es van regar amb una suspensio d’espores de 0,01 g L.-1. Un dia despres del transplantament, les plantes es van a inocular amb Meloidogyne spp amb 1 J2 per cm3. Quan el nematode va complir una generacio, es va avaluar el desenvolupament de la planta, l’activitat i densitat microbiana del sol (FDA), la quantificacio fungica i bacteriana (qPCR), la severitat de la infeccio (index de agalles) i la multiplicacio de nematodes (numero de ous per planta) per cada un dels tractaments. Posteriorment, es van realitzar assajos en dos camps (Castellbisbal i Martorell) infestats per Meloidogyne spp. La pauta de reg amb melassa va ser determinada en els experiments de semicamp i es van determinar els mateixos parametres que en semicamp. En condicions de semicamp, la reduccio dels nematodes es va veure sobretot en l’aplicacio de melassa en dosis de 5 i 10 mL m-2 combinada amb T34, ja que es va observar una disminucio l’index agalles i ous/planta, i un augment de FDA i de la densitat fungica. A 40 mL m-2 de melassa, les plantes van presentar forta fitotoxicitat. Es va seleccionar la dosi de 10 mL m-2 per aplicar a camp. A Castellbisbal, en l’aplicacio de melassa es va determinar una reduccio dels nematodes i en el tractament de melassa combinat amb T34 la reduccio del nematode no va ser tan severa com en semicamp. En canvi, a Martorell, no es va observar reduccio del nematode ja que al tenir unes caracteristiques diferents de sol, podrien afectar a la distribucio dels productes, aixi com la presencia de micofags que podrien interferir en la proliferacio dels microorganismes introduits.Los nematodos fitopatogenos endoparasitos sedentarios del genero Meloidoyne spp son los principales causantes de patologias en la agricultura. Actualmente, para erradicar estos patogenos se utilizan agentes quimicos, principalmente nematicidas, los cuales son nocivos por el medio ambiente y la salud humana. Durante los ultimos años se ha potenciado la busqueda de alternativas no tan agresivas, pero igual de efectivas. En este proyecto se presenta como una posible alternativa la aplicacion de la combinacion de la melaza y el hongo Trichoderma asperellum (T34) en tomateras. Para alcanzar el objetivo presentado se llevaron a cabo experimentos de semicampo y de campo. En condiciones de semicampo, se determino la dosis optima de melaza a partir de la aplicacion semanal de las dosis 0, 5, 10, 20 o 40 mL m-2 de melaza sola o combinada con T34. La inoculacion de T34 fue de 0,5 g m-2 durante 24 horas antes de la trasplantacion de la tomatera, luego, las plantas se regaron con una suspension de esporas de 0,01 g L-1. Un dia despues de la trasplantacion, las plantas se inocularon con Meloidogyne spp con 1 J2 por cm3. Cuando el nematodo cumplio una generacion se avaluo el desarrollo de la planta, la actividad y densidad microbiana de la tierra (FDA), la cuantificacion fungica y bacteriana (qPCR), la severidad de la infeccion (indices de agallas) y la multiplicacion de los nematodos (numero de huevos por planta) para cada uno de los tratamientos. Posteriormente, se realizaron ensayos en dos campos (Castellbisbal y Martorell) infestados por Meloidogyne spp. La pauta de riego con melaza fue determinada en los experimentos de semicampo y se determinaron los mismos parametros que en semicampo. En condiciones de semicampo, la reduccion de los nematodos se observo principalmente en la aplicacion de melaza en las dosis de 5 y 10 mL m-2 combinada con T34, ya que se observo una disminucion del indice de agallas y huevos/plantas, y un incremento de FDA y de la densidad fungica. A 40 mL m-2 de melaza, las plantas presentaron alta fitotoxicidad. Se selecciono la dosis de 10 mL m-2 para ser aplicada en el campo. En Castellbisbal, en la aplicacion de melaza se determino una reduccion del numero de nematodos y en el tratamiento de melaza combinada con T34 se determino que la reduccion del nematodo no fue tan grande como en semicampo. En cambio, en Martorell, no se observo reduccion del nematodo ya que, al tener unas caracteristicas distintas de tierra, podrian afectar a la distribucion de los productos, asi como la presencia de micofagos que podrian intervenir en la proliferacion de los microorganismos introducidos

Evolución Clínica de una Cohorte de Pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 tras su valoración en Endocrinologia. Estudio a 26 semanas

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública de nuestro tiempo y presenta una gran repercusión sanitaria y social debido a las complicaciones crónicas asociadas y a la alta mortalidad cardiovascular que comporta. Existen evidencias de la importancia que tiene el control metabólico en la aparición y progresión de las complicaciones relacionadas con la DM. Sin embargo, alcanzar y mantener los objetivos de control glucémico supone un reto en la práctica clínica habitual. El objetivo principal trabajo es evaluar si se produce una mejoría en el grado de control metabólico en una cohorte de pacientes con DMT2 tras su valoración en endocrinología. Los objetivos secundarios de este trabajo son por un lado conocer las modificaciones en el tratamiento hipoglucemiante que se producen después de una evaluación en endocrinología y por otro la prevalencia de complicaciones asociadas en una cohorte de pacientes con DMT2. Material y métodos: estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Se incluyeron 465 pacientes con DMT2 que no realizaban seguimiento en una consulta de endocrinología. Se recogieron datos de control (glucémico, lipídico y tensional) y tratamientos recibidos en una visita inicial y tras 26 semanas de seguimiento. También se evalúo la prevalecía de complicaciones crónicas así como los factores asociados. Resultados: la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) inicial fue de 8,3±1,8% mientras que tras 26 semanas de seguimiento fue de 6,6±0,9% (p < 0,0001). El porcentaje de pacientes con HbA1c < 7% ascendió de 33,1 a 71,3% (p < 0,0001). En el 59,9% de los pacientes se observó un descenso ≥ 0,8% de HbA1c. En el análisis multivariante, las variables que predijeron una mejoría en el grado de control metabólico fueron una mayor edad (OR 1,038; IC 95% 1-1,07; p = 0,041), una mayor HbA1c inicial (OR 5,51; IC95% 3,4-9; p < 0,0001), un tiempo de evolución de la DMT2 < 5 años (OR 4,63; IC95% 1,6-13,3; p = 0,005) y el cambio de tratamiento hipoglucemiante (OR 2,77; IC95% 1,1-6,9; p = 0,03). También se produjo una mejoría estadísticamente significativa de las cifras de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, índice de masa corporal, colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de baja densidad y triglicéridos. En el 75,1% de los sujetos con DMT2 incluidos en el estudio se modificó el tratamiento hipoglucemiante. El porcentaje de pacientes que no recibían tratamiento disminuyó del 7 al 0,3% tras 26 semanas de seguimiento (p < 0,0001) así como el porcentaje de pacientes que recibían tratamiento con antidiabéticos orales (ADO) (60,9 vs 55,5%) (p = 0,003) e insulina (10,5 vs 6,2%) (p = 0,021). Sin embargo, aumentó el porcentaje de pacientes que recibían tratamiento con insulina combinada con ADO de 21,1 a 38% (p < 0,0001). En este trabajo, el 27,1% de los pacientes incluidos presentaban algún tipo de complicación macrovascular, el 33,6% de los pacientes algún tipo de complicación microvascular y el 6,9% un pie diabético. El 25,1% presentaban una nefropatía diabética y el 21,9% una afectación ocular. En cuanto a las complicaciones macrovasculares, la más prevalente fue la enfermedad coronaria (19,8%) mientras que el 7,1% y el 4,9% presentaban una enfermedad arterial periférica y una vasculopatía cerebral respectivamente. Conclusiones: se produce una mejoría del control metabólico en esta cohorte de pacientes con DMT2 tras su valoración en una consulta de endocrinología. No obstante, en el 28,7% no se alcanza un HbA1c < 7%, lo que pone de manifiesto la dificultad en conseguir un buen control en la práctica clínica. Por otro lado, se produce un cambio en el tratamiento hipoglucemiante en la mayoría de pacientes incluidos en el estudio, que a su vez influye en la mejoría del control glucémico. Por último, la prevalencia de complicaciones asociadas a la DMT2 es relevante

Identificación de la circularidad a partir de variables económicas e industriales

El problema de la escasez de recursos materiales y la creciente concienciación del impacto de la contaminación sobre el medio ambiente está derivando en un modelo socioeconómico e industrial cuyo objetivo es desarrollar un modelo de consumo responsable y sostenible. El presente trabajo estudia los indicadores de Economía Circular, ya que son herramientas fundamentales para la supervisión y el control de dicha economía. Además, el trabajo aborda uno de los mayores problemas al que se enfrenta este campo, como es el reducido número de datos para su análisis. Como solución se ha usado la base de datos Eurostat, lo que ha permitido el acceso a la información económica de 28 países de la Unión Europea. El uso del software libre que permita realizar el estudio estadístico se ha llevado a cabo por medio de RStudio. Finalmente, el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple ha permitido establecer un modelo de evaluación de la dependencia estadística de variables asociadas a indicadores de EC y otro tipo de variables que, en principio, no han sido definidas como tal. Abstract The problem of the scarcity of material resources and the growing awareness of the impact of pollution on the environment is leading to a socio-economic and industrial model. The objective is to develop a model of responsible and sustainable consumption. This work studies the indicators of Circular Economy. The motivation is that they are fundamental tools for the supervision and control of this economy. The work deals with one of the basic problems of this field, how is the reduced number of data for analysis. The Eurostat database has been used to collect with data from 28 countries of the European Union. The statistical study has been done using free software as RStudio. Finally, multiple linear regression analysis has established a model for evaluating the statistical dependence of variables associated with Circular Economy indicators and other types of variables which were not defined as such.Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de MercadosGrado en Ingeniería en Organización Industria

Tumor suppressor ARF regulates tissue microenvironment and tumor growth through modulation of macrophage polarization

Tumor microenvironment has been described to play a key role in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Macrophages are a major cellular constituent of the tumor stroma, and particularly tumor associated macrophages (TAMs or M2-like macrophages) exert important immunosuppressive activity and a pro-tumoral role within the tumor microenvironment. Alternative-reading frame (ARF) gene is widely inactivated in human cancer. We have previously demonstrated that ARF deficiency severely impairs inflammatory response establishing a new role for ARF in the regulation of innate immunity. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesized that ARF may also regulates tumor growth through recruitment and modulation of the macrophage phenotype in the tumor microenvironment. Xenograft assays of B16F10 melanoma cells into ARF-deficient mice resulted in increased tumor growth compared to those implanted in WT control mice. Tumors from ARF-deficient mice exhibited significantly increased number of TAMs as well as microvascular density. Transwell assays showed crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages. On the one hand, ARF-deficient macrophages modulate migratory ability of the tumor cells. And on the other, tumor cells promote the skewing of ARF-/- macrophages toward a M2-type polarization. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that ARF deficiency facilitates the infiltration of macrophages into the tumor mass and favors their polarization towards a M2 phenotype, thus promoting tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. This work provides novel information about the critical role of ARF in the modulation of tumor microenvironment.This study was supported by grant PI11.0036 and PI14.0055 from the FIS, MPY 1410/09 from ISCIII and Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III; RD12/0036/0059) to SH, and by grant TPY-M-1068/13 and IERPY 1149/16 to AL. L J-G was supported by FIS (FI12/00340). AL was supported by FIS (CP12/03087). S Herranz was supported by TPY-M-1068/13 from ISCIII. We thank Fernando González Camacho and Silvia Hernández Esteban for Confocal Microscopy assistance.S

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

The endothelial layer is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body by controlling many different functions. Regulation of the inflammatory response by the endothelial layer is crucial to efficiently fight against harmful inputs and aid in the recovery of damaged areas. When the endothelial cells are exposed to an inflammatory environment, such as the outer component of gram-negative bacteria membrane, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), they express soluble pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Ccl5, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10, and trigger the activation of circulating leukocytes. In addition, the expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on the endothelial surface enables the interaction and adhesion of the activated leukocytes to the endothelial layer, and eventually the extravasation towards the inflamed tissue. In this scenario, the endothelial function must be tightly regulated because excessive or defective activation in the leukocyte recruitment could lead to inflammatory-related disorders. Since many of these disorders do not have an effective treatment, novel strategies with a focus on the vascular layer must be investigated. We propose comprehensive assays that are useful to the search of novel endothelial regulators that modify leukocyte function. We analyze endothelial activation by using specific expression targets involved in leukocyte recruitment (such as, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules) with several techniques, including: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western-blot, flow cytometry and adhesion assays. These approaches determine endothelial function in the inflammatory context and are very useful to perform screening assays to characterize novel endothelial inflammatory regulators that are potentially valuable for designing new therapeutic strategies.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (grant number IERPY 1149/16 to A.L.; MPY 1410/09 to S. Hortelano); by the MINECO through the Fondo de Investigación en Salud (FIS) (grants numbers PI11.0036 and PI14.0055 to S. Hortelano). S. Herranz was supported by IERPY 1149/16 from ISCIII.S

La población en México y sus estados, 1820–1870

En este artículo presentamos por primera vez series anuales completas de la población mexicana por estados en el periodo 1820–70, utilizando para ello los conteos de contemporáneos existentes y las estimaciones realizadas más recientemente, además de fórmulas construidas con el propósito de llenar los huecos existentes. Además, calculamos la variación porcentual y la tasa de variación derivadas de estas cifras en fechas significativas, así como otros indicadores que nos permiten concluir que el crecimiento demográfico mexicano fue lento. Finalmente, exploramos los factores más significativos que originaron este comportamiento, a saber, las guerras, invasiones e inestabilidad política, las epidemias y el desempeño económico

A WiFi-Based Sensor Network for Flood Irrigation Control in Agriculture

The role of agriculture in society is vital due to factors such as providing food for the population, is a major source of employment worldwide, and one of the most important sources of revenue for countries. Furthermore, in recent years, the interest in optimizing the use of water resources has increased due to aspects such as climate change. This has led to the introduction of technology in the fields by means of sensor networks that allow remote monitoring and control of cultivated lands. In this paper, we present a system for flood irrigation in agriculture comprised of a sensor network based on WiFi communication. Different sensors measure atmospheric parameters such as temperature, humidity, and rain, soil parameters such as humidity, and water parameters such as water temperature, salinity, and water height to decide on the need of activating the floodgates for irrigation. The user application displays the data gathered by the sensors, shows a graphical representation of the state of irrigation of each ditch, and allows farmers to manage the irrigation of their fields. Finally, different tests were performed on a plot of vegetables to evaluate the correct performance of the system and the coverage of the sensor network on a vegetated area with different deployment options.European Union through the ERANETMED (Euromediterranean Cooperation through ERANET joint activities and beyond) project ERANETMED3- 227 SMARTWATIR, by the “Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, en el marco del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017–2020” (Project code: PID2020-114467RR-C33)“Proyectos de innovación de interés general por grupos operativos de la Asociación Europea para la Innovación en materia de productividad y sostenibilidad agrícolas (AEI-Agri)” in the framework “Programa Nacional de Desarrollo Rural 2014–2020”, GO TECNOGAR.Universitat Politècnica de València through the post-doctoral PAID-10-20 progra

α-Hispanolol Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration and Invasion of Glioblastoma Cells Likely via Downregulation of MMP-2/9 Expression and p38MAPK Attenuation

α-Hispanolol (α-H) is a labdane diterpenoid that has been shown to induce apoptosis in several human cancer cells. However, the effect of α-H in human glioblastoma cells has not been described. In the present work, we have investigated the effects of α-H on apoptosis, migration, and invasion of human glioblastoma cells with the aim of identifying the molecular targets underlying its mechanism of action. The results revealed that α-H showed significant cytotoxicity against human glioma cancer cell lines U87 and U373 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This effect was higher in U87 cells and linked to apoptosis, as revealed the increased percentage of sub-G1 population by cell cycle analysis and acquisition of typical features of apoptotic cell morphology. Apoptosis was also confirmed by significant presence of annexin V-positive cells and caspase activation. Pretreatment with caspase inhibitors diminishes the activities of caspase 8, 9, and 3 and maintains the percentage of viable glioblastoma cells, indicating that α-H induced cell apoptosis through both the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathways. Moreover, we also found that α-H downregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins and activated the pro-apoptotic Bid and Bax proteins. On the other hand, α-H exhibited inhibitory effects on the migration and invasion of U87 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, additional experiments showed that α-H treatment reduced the enzymatic activities and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increased the expression of TIMP-1 inhibitor, probably via p38MAPK regulation. Finally, xenograft assays confirmed the anti-glioma efficacy of α-H. Taken together, these findings suggest that α-H may exert anti-tumoral effects in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion as well as by the induction of apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. This research describes α-H as a new drug that may improve the therapeutic efficacy against glioblastoma tumors.This study was supported by grant PI11/00036, PI14/00055, and PI17/00012 from the FIS, MPY 1410/09 from ISCIII and Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III; RD12/0036/0059) to SoH and by grants IERPY 1149/16 and IERPY-M 389/18 to AL. L JG was supported by FIS (FI12/00340). SaH was supported by IERPY 1149/16 from ISCIII.S

Effect of molasses application alone or combined with trichoderma asperellum T-34 on Meloidogyne spp. management and soil microbial activity in organic production systems

The effect of molasses alone or combined with Trichoderma asperellum T34 Biocontrol® was assessed on Meloidogyne reproduction, disease severity, and density and activity of soil microor- ganisms in pot and field experiments. Firstly, molasses application at 1 mL m−2 was assessed in four different textured soils. Secondly, molasses application at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mL m−2, alone or combined with T34, was assessed in pot and field experiments at 10 mL m−2 in two different textured soils. The application of 1 mL m−2 of molasses was effective in reducing nematode reproduction in the loam textured soil but not in sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or clay loam textured soils. Increasing molasses dosage reduced the tomato dry shoot and fresh root weights, producing phytotoxicity at 40 mL m−2. The disease severity and nematode reproduction were reduced between 23% and 65% and 49% and 99%, respectivelyThe authors thank Departament d’Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural for supporting the projects to encourage applied research on organic agri-food production (53 05004 2016 and 53 05010 2017). The authors also thank the farmers J. Montmany, F. Berenguer, J. Olivella, J. Magrans, and J. M. Mas for their support in conducting the experimentPostprint (published version

Effectiveness and Safety of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir ± Ribavirin vs Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Genotype 3 Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients

[Abstract] Objectives. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir±ribavirin (SOF/VEL±RBV) and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) are the drug combinations of choice for treating individuals with genotype 3 hepatitis C virus (G3-HCV) infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of SOF/VEL±RBV compared with GLE/PIB for treating G3-HCV infection under routine clinical practice conditions. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of individuals with G3-HCV infection who initiated treatment with SOF/VEL +/-RBV or GLE/PIB between April 2017 and July 2018. Prisoners and children were excluded. The outcome variable of effectiveness was sustained virological response 12 weeks after completing treatment (SVR12). The safety variable was withdrawal secondary to severe adverse events (SAEs). Covariates included sex, age, HIV co-infection, previous liver transplant, cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis and previous antiviral treatment. Statistical significance was calculated using Fisher’s exact test or the Mann–Whitney U-test. Results. A total of 76 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 46 were treated with SOF/VEL±RBV and 30 were treated with GLE/PIB. No baseline differences were observed between treatment groups with respect to age, sex, HIV co-infection, fibrosis stage, cirrhosis and previous antiviral treatment. Of the patients treated with SOF/VEL±RBV and GLE/PIB, 95.7% and 96.7% reached SVR12, respectively (P=0.7). Of patients with and without cirrhosis, 83.3% and 98.4% reached SVR12, respectively (P=0.09). Of the patients with low-grade hepatic fibrosis (F0-2) and advanced fibrosis (F3-4), 100% and 85.7% reached SVR12, respectively (P=0.03). In treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients, 95.7% and 100% reached SVR12, respectively (P=0.57), without significant differences independent of the treatment group (P=0.28 for SOF/VEL±RBV; P=0.18 for GLE/PIB). The incidence of AEs was 21.1% (95% CI 11.3% to 30.9%). None of the patients developed an SAE or required antiviral treatment withdrawal. Conclusions. SOF/VEL±RBV or GLE/PIB are safe and effective for treating G3-HCV-infections, with a lower effectiveness in patients with advanced fibrosis F3-4