The relationship between cultural loyalty and attachment, and career aspirations and perceived realistic career

The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between cultural loyalty and attachment, and career aspirations and their perceived realistic career among college students. The participants used for this study consists of fifty-six students attending the California State University, San Bernardino. Data was collected through paper surveys at both the Student Assistance In Learning (SAIL) office in the University Hall building, and outside the Santos Manuel Student Union

A Method for Repeated, Longitudinal Sampling of Individual Aedes aegypti for Transmission Potential of Arboviruses

Mosquito-borne viruses are the cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Assessing risk for viral transmission often involves characterization of the vector competence of vector–virus pairings. The most common determination of vector competence uses discreet, terminal time points, which cannot be used to investigate variation in transmission aspects, such as biting behavior, over time. Here, we present a novel method to longitudinally measure individual biting behavior and Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission. Individual mosquitoes were exposed to ZIKV, and from 9 to 24 days post-exposure, individuals were each offered a 180 μL bloodmeal every other day. Biting behavior was observed and characterized as either active probing, feeding, or no bite. The bloodmeal was then collected, spun down, serum collected, and tested for ZIKV RNA via qRT-PCR to determine individuals’ vector competence over time. This included whether transmission to the bloodmeal was successful and the titer of expectorated virus. Additionally, serum was inoculated onto Vero cells in order to determine infectiousness of positive recovered sera. Results demonstrate heterogeneity in not only biting patterns but expectorated viral titers among individual mosquitoes over time. These findings demonstrate that the act of transmission is a complex process governed by mosquito behavior and mosquito–virus interaction, and herein we offer a method to investigate this phenomenon

Promoting inclusive engineering identities in first-year engineering courses: poster

Includes bibliographical references.Presented at the ASEE's 123rd Annual Conference & Exposition in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, June 26-28, 2016.Project goal: Change engineering culture to support robust learning in degree programs, more effective professional practice, and efforts to retain diverse students and professionals.National Science Foundation, Grant # 1432601

What is the relationship between mindset and engineering identity for first year male and female students? An exploratory longitudinal study

Includes bibliographical references.Paper given at the ASEE's 124th Annual Conference & Exposition in Columbus Ohio, USA, June 25-28, 2017.Paper ID #19498.Undergraduate students who leave engineering are most likely to do so during the first two years of coursework (Litzer & Young, 2012). During these first two years, students often encounter difficult coursework that may be not be overtly related to engineering (e.g., advanced calculus, physics; Suresh, 2006) while simultaneously developing their initial engineering identities. Students possessing a fixed mindset (e.g., intelligence based on genetics) versus a growth mindset (e.g., intelligence based on effort and hard work) are more likely to disengage when confronted with highly challenging coursework (Rattan, Savani, Chugh, & Dweck, 2015; Robins & Pals, 2002), which may be related to lower engineering identity. Implicit person theory argues that persons are more likely to persist with challenging tasks if they believe that intelligence is malleable (Robins & Pals, 2002). Additionally, it is well established that women are underrepresented in the field of engineering (Singh, Fouad, Fitzpatrick, & Chang, 2014). While a plethora of research exists to examine what factors contribute to the persistence of women in engineering, such as institutional factors and student characteristics, we focus on the relationship between mindset and engineering identity in this paper. The purpose of this study is to explore whether mindsets influence a student's engineering identity over time and to see if this relationship differs by gender.National Science Foundation, Grant # 1432601

Perfusion Changes by Hyperspectral Imaging in a Burn Model

BACKGROUND: Early excision and skin grafting of full-thickness and deep-dermal burns is therapeutically advantageous. However, while full-thickness burns are clinically evident, differentiating between superficial versus deep partial-thickness burns presents a diagnostic challenge, with only 50-75% accuracy. Superficial-dermal burns heal, while deep-dermal burns often require excision and skin grafting. Decision of surgical treatment is often delayed until burn depth is definitively identified. This study’s aim is to establish a thermal burn model in mice in order to assess the ability of Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) in differentiating burn depth. METHODS: Burns of graded severity were generated on the dorsum of seventy-six hairless mice with a brass rod heated to 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90°C. Perfusion and oxygenation parameters of the injured skin were measured with HSI, a non-invasive method of wide-field, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy at 2 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after wounding. Burn depth was measured histologically (n=44) at 72 hours post injury using Masson’s trichrome staining. RESULTS: Three discrete levels of burn depth were verified histologically, as follows in order of increasing depth: intermediate-dermal, deep-dermal, and full-thickness injury. At 24 hours post injury, total hemoglobin increased by 67% and 18% in intermediate and deep dermal burns, respectively. In contrast, total hemoglobin decreased by 64% in full-thickness burns. Differences in deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation for all group comparisons were statistically significant (p CONCLUSION: HSI was able to differentiate among three discrete levels of burn injury. This is likely due to its correlation with skin perfusion: superficial burn injury causes an inflammatory response and increased perfusion to the burn site, while deeper burns destroy the dermal microvasculature and a decrease in perfusion follows. This study supports further investigation in the use of HSI in early burn depth assessment

Diagnostic ultrasound estimates of muscle mass and muscle quality discriminate between women with and without sarcopenia

Introduction: Age-related changes in muscle mass and muscle tissue composition contribute to diminished strength in older adults. The objectives of this study are to examine if an assessment method using mobile diagnostic ultrasound augments well-known determinants of lean body mass (LBM) to aid sarcopenia staging, and if a sonographic measure of muscle quality is associated with muscle performance.Methods: Twenty community-dwelling female subjects participated in the study (age = 43.4 ±20.9 years; BMI: 23.8, interquartile range: 8.5). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and diagnostic ultrasound morphometry were used to estimate LBM. Muscle tissue quality was estimated via the echogenicity using grayscale histogram analysis. Peak force was measured with grip dynamometry and scaled for body size. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the association of the predictor variables with appendicular lean mass (aLM/ht2), and examine the relationship between scaled peak force values and muscle echogenicity. The sarcopenia LBM cut point value of 6.75 kg/m2 determined participant assignment into the Normal LBM and Low LBM subgroups.Results: The selected LBM predictor variables were body mass index (BMI), ultrasound morphometry, and age. Although BMI exhibited a significant positive relationship with aLM/ht2 (adj. R2 = .61, p \u3c .001), the strength of association improved with the addition of ultrasound morphometry and age as predictor variables (adj. R2 = .85, p \u3c .001). Scaled peak force was associated with age and echogenicity (adj. R2 = .53, p \u3c .001), but not LBM. The Low LBM subgroup of women (n = 10) had higher scaled peak force, lower BMI, and lower echogenicity values in comparison to the Normal LBM subgroup (n = 10; p \u3c .05).Conclusions: Diagnostic ultrasound morphometry values are associated with LBM, and improve the BMI predictive model for aLM/ht2 in women. In addition, ultrasound proxy measures of muscle quality are more strongly associated with strength than muscle mass within the study sample

Diagnostic ultrasound estimates of muscle mass and muscle quality discriminate between women with and without sarcopenia

Introduction: Age-related changes in muscle mass and muscle tissue composition contribute to diminished strength in older adults. The objectives of this study are to examine if an assessment method using mobile diagnostic ultrasound augments well-known determinants of lean body mass (LBM) to aid sarcopenia staging, and if a sonographic measure of muscle quality is associated with muscle performance.Methods: Twenty community-dwelling female subjects participated in the study (age = 43.4 ±20.9 years; BMI: 23.8, interquartile range: 8.5). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and diagnostic ultrasound morphometry were used to estimate LBM. Muscle tissue quality was estimated via the echogenicity using grayscale histogram analysis. Peak force was measured with grip dynamometry and scaled for body size. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the association of the predictor variables with appendicular lean mass (aLM/ht2), and examine the relationship between scaled peak force values and muscle echogenicity. The sarcopenia LBM cut point value of 6.75 kg/m2 determined participant assignment into the Normal LBM and Low LBM subgroups.Results: The selected LBM predictor variables were body mass index (BMI), ultrasound morphometry, and age. Although BMI exhibited a significant positive relationship with aLM/ht2 (adj. R2 = .61, p \u3c .001), the strength of association improved with the addition of ultrasound morphometry and age as predictor variables (adj. R2 = .85, p \u3c .001). Scaled peak force was associated with age and echogenicity (adj. R2 = .53, p \u3c .001), but not LBM. The Low LBM subgroup of women (n = 10) had higher scaled peak force, lower BMI, and lower echogenicity values in comparison to the Normal LBM subgroup (n = 10; p \u3c .05).Conclusions: Diagnostic ultrasound morphometry values are associated with LBM, and improve the BMI predictive model for aLM/ht2 in women. In addition, ultrasound proxy measures of muscle quality are more strongly associated with strength than muscle mass within the study sample

A global charter for the public\u27s health - The public\u27s health: the role, functions, competencies, education

Political leaders increasingly perceive health as being crucial to achieving growth, development, equity and stability throughout the world. Health is now understood as a product of complex and dynamic relations generated by numerous determinants at different levels of governance. Governments need to take into account the impact of social, environmental and behavioural health determinants, including economic constraints, living conditions, demographic changes and unhealthy lifestyles in many of the World Health Organization (WHO) Member States. This understanding and increasing globalization means it is very timely to review the role of (global) public health in this changing societal and political environment

Assessment of Child, Mother, and Environmental Factors Associated with Undernutrition in Children Less than Five Years Old in a Maya Community in Yucatan, Mexico

The objective of this study was to examine child, mother, and environmental factors associated with undernutrition in children less than five years old in a Maya community in Yucatan, Mexico. This investigation was designed as a case-control study. All cases (n=42) of undernutrition were included, and a sample of 52 controls was randomly selected from the study population. The frequency of investigated exposure factors was compared between cases and controls by using logistic regression. Undernutrition was associated with child’s age (> 36 months old; OR = 3.53; 95% CI = 1.04, 18.40) and mother’s marital status (married; OR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.90). The odds of undernutrition were 2.81 times higher in children infected with Giardia spp, but this association was not significant (P = 0.18) after controlling for child’s age and mother’s marital status. In conclusion, child’s age and mother’s marital status were associated with child undernutrition in study subjects. Futures studies on undernutrition in children should examine more carefully how mother’s marital status alone or in combination with other factors (e.g. socio-economic, psychological factors) can influence child nutrition

Dataset associated with "Seeking congruity for agentic women: a longitudinal examination of college women's persistence in STEM"

Those interested in using these data are encouraged to contact Dr. Paul Hernandez ([email protected]) and Dr. Emily Fischer ([email protected]) for more information. Data Contacts: Paul R. Hernandez (primary), [email protected], 979-464-9229 Emily V. Fischer, [email protected], 970-491-8587.Survey data were collected via the online Qualtrics survey system twice yearly in the fall and spring semesters from fall 2015 through spring 2019. This repository contains the data file associated with all surveys utilized in the analyses presented in this research article.Format of Data Files: Data files are in .csv format. Files can be opened by most software (e.g., Notepad, WordPad, Excel) – anything that can read a comma delimited ASCII text file. Here, the file name is "Dataset." In addition, a codebook accompanies the data file. The codebook contains the variable names, variable labels, and value labels for all variables contained within the "Dataset.csv" file.An abundance of literature has examined barriers to women's equal representation in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, with many studies showing that STEM fields are not perceived to afford communal goals, a key component of women's interest in future careers. Using Goal Congruity Theory as a framework, we tested the longitudinal impact of perceptions of STEM career goal affordances, communal and agentic goals, and their congruity on persistence in science from the second through fourth years of college among women in STEM majors. We found that women's intent to persist in science were highest in fall of their second year, that persistence intentions exhibited a sharp decline, and that eventually leveled off by their fourth year of college. This pattern was moderated by perceptions of agentic affordances in STEM, such that women with higher perceptions of agentic affordances experienced smaller declines. Similar to prior research, we found that higher perceptions of communal goal affordances in STEM consistently predicted higher persistence intentions. Finally, we found an agentic goal-affordance congruity interaction, such that higher perceptions of agentic affordances in STEM predicted higher persistence intentions; however, the positive relationship was stronger for women with higher agentic goals. We conclude that because STEM fields are stereotyped as affording agentic goals, women who identify interest in a STEM major during their first year of college may be drawn to these fields for this reason, and may benefit from perceptions that STEM affords both communal and agentic goals.Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation through grant number DUE- 1431795, DUE-1431823, and DUE-1460229