La calidad de la educación en territorios rurales desde las políticas públicas

The objective of this article is to deepen the concept of educational quality in the reality ofthe Mexican Educational System. As a problem, it assumes the asymmetry of results and realitiesexperienced in the rural and urban context to question whether there is a common criterion on‘educational quality’. The concept of educational quality is explored in the face of the federal normsthat protect the right to education. On the other hand, it explains the conceptual change that hasoccurred in the conception of rurality, becoming increasingly diverse. A specific section describesthe Community School Model, which educationally serves dispersed and underpopulatedcommunities in Mexico. Methodologically, a hermeneutic reflection of three sources is proposed:the concept of education, the wording of Article 3 of the Mexican Constitution with its variouschanges and description of the rural educational environment in that period, and the MultigradeSchools promoted by CONAFE as the system that reaches those territories. It is concluded thateducational quality is delimited by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and theconditions in which it is developed, the above framed by the following factors: (i) the dignificationof the person, (ii) the legal terms described in Art. 3, (iii) contextualized in the geographical realityof the student.El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar el concepto de calidad educativa en la realidad delSistema Educativo Mexicano. Como problema se asume la asimetría de resultados y realidadesvividas en el contexto rural y urbano para cuestionar si existe un criterio común sobre la ‘calidadeducativa’. Se explora el concepto de calidad educativa cara a las normas federales que amparanel derecho a la educación. Por otro lado, se explica el cambio conceptual que ha habido en laconcepción de ruralidad, volviéndose cada vez más diverso. En un apartado concreto se describeel Modelo de Escuelas Comunitarias, quienes atienden educativamente a poblaciones dispersas ycon menos pobladores de México. Metodológicamente se propone una reflexión hermenéuticade tres fuentes: el concepto de educación, la redacción del Artículo 3 constitucional mexicanocon sus diversos cambios y descripción del entorno educativo rural en dicha temporalidad y lasEscuelas Multigrado impulsadas por el CONAFE como el sistema que llega a dichos territorios.Se concluye que la calidad educativa está delimitada por la Constitución Política de los EstadosUnidos Mexicano y las condiciones en las que se desarrolla la misma, lo anterior enmarcado porlos siguientes factores: (i) la dignificación de la persona, (ii) los términos jurídicos descritos en elArt. 3, (iii) contextuados en la realidad geográfica del estudiante. &nbsp

La calidad de la educación en territorios rurales desde las políticas públicas

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar el concepto de calidad educativa en la realidad del Sistema Educativo Mexicano. Como problema se asume la asimetría de resultados y realidades vividas en el contexto rural y urbano para cuestionar si existe un criterio común sobre la ‘calidad educativa’. Se explora el concepto de calidad educativa cara a las normas federales que amparan el derecho a la educación. Por otro lado, se explica el cambio conceptual que ha habido en la concepción de ruralidad, volviéndose cada vez más diverso. En un apartado concreto se describe el Modelo de Escuelas Comunitarias, quienes atienden educativamente a poblaciones dispersas y con menos pobladores de México. Metodológicamente se propone una reflexión hermenéutica de tres fuentes: el concepto de educación, la redacción del Artículo 3 constitucional mexicano con sus diversos cambios y descripción del entorno educativo rural en dicha temporalidad y las Escuelas Multigrado impulsadas por el CONAFE como el sistema que llega a dichos territorios. Se concluye que la calidad educativa está delimitada por la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicano y las condiciones en las que se desarrolla la misma, lo anterior enmarcado por los siguientes factores: (i) la dignificación de la persona, (ii) los términos jurídicos descritos en el Art. 3, (iii) contextuados en la realidad geográfica del estudiante.//The objective of this article is to deepen the concept of educational quality in the reality of the Mexican Educational System. As a problem, it assumes the asymmetry of results and realities experienced in the rural and urban context to question whether there is a common criterion on ‘educational quality’. The concept of educational quality is explored in the face of the federal norms that protect the right to education. On the other hand, it explains the conceptual change that has occurred in the conception of rurality, becoming increasingly diverse. A specific section describes the Community School Model, which educationally serves dispersed and underpopulated communities in Mexico. Methodologically, a hermeneutic reflection of three sources is proposed: the concept of education, the wording of Article 3 of the Mexican Constitution with its various changes and description of the rural educational environment in that period, and the Multigrade Schools promoted by CONAFE as the system that reaches those territories. It is concluded that educational quality is delimited by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and the conditions in which it is developed, the above framed by the following factors: (i) the dignification of the person, (ii) the legal terms described in Art. 3, (iii) contextualized in the geographical reality of the student

1. Trabajo docente y respeto a la dignidad en el contexto de la educación media venezolana

This qualitative study pretended to state the axiological     framework that teachers build in their performance of respect for human dignity in the Venezuelan education. The hermeneutic phenomenological approach was privileged with this study. The interview in depth was used to collect, information. Once collected the information, categorization, interpretation and triangulation was followed in the presence of content analysis. The findings of the investigation can conclude that the axiological framework built by the teacher in their performance on respect for the dignity of the pupil in the context of the average Venezuelan education is a family inheritance. It is based on the values of love, respect, responsibility, commitment and honesty, which today constitutes a rediscovering of the axiological map and a reality in teaching performance, to treat with respect, dignity of pupils in high school education.El presente estudio de modalidad cualitativa, tuvo como pretensión,  reticular el marco conceptual  axiológico que construye el docente en su desempeño acerca del respeto a la dignidad, en el contexto de  la Educación Media Venezolana. El abordaje del método privilegió el campo fenomenológico hermenéutico. Para recoger,  información, se empleó la entrevista en profundidad. Una vez recogida, se procedió a la categorización,  interpretación y triangulación, en presencia del análisis de contenido. Los hallazgos de la investigación permiten concluir, que el marco conceptual axiológico construido por el docente en su desempeño acerca del respeto a la dignidad del alumno en el contexto de la educación Media Venezolana, es una herencia familiar. Fundamentada ésta, en los valores del amor, respeto, responsabilidad, compromiso y honestidad, lo cual, constituye hoy un redescubrir del mapa axiológico y   una realidad en el desempeño docente, para tratar con respeto,  la dignidad de los alumnos en Educación Media

Liver Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation from Fasciola hepatica Experimentally Infected and Reinfected Sheep

Fasciolosis is an important economic disease of livestock. There is a global interest in the development of protective vaccines since the current anthelmintic therapy is no longer sustainable. A better knowledge of the host–parasite interaction is needed to design effective vaccines. To date, few studies have evaluated host–parasite interaction by comparing infected and reinfected animals. The present study evaluates the microscopical hepatic lesions in sheep infected and reinfected with Fasciola hepatica during the acute and chronic stages of infection. The histopathological study revealed the presence of necrotizing foci (NF1) associated with larvae migration during the early stages of infection in the primoinfected (PI) and reinfected (RI) groups. In the late stages of infection of the PI group and at the early and late stages of infection in the RI groups, extensive necrotizing /hemorrhagic foci (NF2) were found in the vicinity of enlarged bile ducts, some containing adult flukes, suggesting parasites may have caused NF2 while feeding. The immunohistochemical study revealed an increase in Foxp3+ T cells in both PI and RI groups with respect to the UC group and in the infiltrates adjacent to NF1 in the RI groups with respect to the PI group, suggesting the F. hepatica induce Foxp3 T cell expansion to facilitate parasite survival. In addition, in both the PI and RI groups, and during acute and chronic stages of the infection, a poor expression of iNOS was found accompanied by a strong expression of CD163, suggesting a marked M2 activation of macrophages in the hepatic lesions, which may be related with healing processes, and it also may facilitate parasite survival. The main differences between PI and RI animals were the more severe infiltration of eosinophils and Foxp3+ T cells, whereas RI did not modify M2 activation of macrophages which occurs since the early stages of primoinfectio

Advancement in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccines against Fasciola hepatica: A Comprehensive Review

In this review article, we aim to provide an overview of fasciolosis in ruminants. Diagnosis through new coprological methods (such as FlukefinderR, FLOTACR, and Mini-FLOTACR) remains the most suitable approach for farms. Regarding treatment, there is a scarcity of available drugs, and resistance to them has prompted new approaches (including drug combinations, enhanced metabolism, or the use of natural compounds) to address this issue. Additionally, several researchers have developed vaccines to control the disease, but their efficacy varies, and none are currently sufficient for commercial use. Further studies are needed to better understand all aspects discussed in this manuscript, with the goal of improving diagnosis, treatment, and disease control. It is important to note that this manuscript does not delve into in-depth knowledge of the discussed aspects; rather, it provides an overview of the different methodologies related to these three aspects of parasitic disease

SilvAdapt.Net: A Site-Based Network of Adaptive Forest Management Related to Climate Change in Spain

[EN] Adaptive forest management (AFM) is an urgent need because of the uncertainty regarding how changes in the climate will affect the structure, composition and function of forests during the next decades. Current research initiatives for the long-term monitoring of impacts of silviculture are scattered and not integrated into research networks, with the consequent losses of opportunities and capacity for action. To increase the scientific and practical impacts of these experiences, it is necessary to establish logical frameworks that harmonize the information and help us to define the most appropriate treatments. In this context, a number of research groups in Spain have produced research achievements and know-how during the last decades that can allow for the improvement in AFM. These groups address the issue of AFM from different fields, such as ecophysiology, ecohydrology and forest ecology, thus resulting in valuable but dispersed expertise. The main objective of this work is to introduce a comprehensive strategy aimed to study the implementation of AFM in Spain. As a first step, a network of 34 experimental sites managed by 14 different research groups is proposed and justified. As a second step, the most important AFM impacts on Mediterranean pines, as one of the most extended natural and planted forest types in Spain, are presented. Finally, open questions dealing with key aspects when attempting to implement an AFM framework are discussed. This study is expected to contribute to better outlining the procedures and steps needed to implement regional frameworks for AFM.A.J. Molina is beneficiary of an "APOSTD" fellowship (APOSTD/2019/111) funded by the Generalitat Valenciana. M. Moreno-de las Heras is beneficiary of a Serra Hunter fellowship (UB-LE-9055) funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya. F.J. Ruiz-Gomez is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the Junta de Andalucia (Sevilla, Spain), and the European Social Fund 2014-2020 Program (DOC_0055). The authors received national and international funding through the following projects: SILVADAPT.NET (RED2018-102719-T), ESPECTRAMED (CGL2017-86161-R), Life-FOREST CO2 (LIFE14 CCM/ES/001271), ALTERACLIM (CGL2015-69773-C2-1-P), INERTIA (PID2019-111332RB-C22-BDV), CEHYRFO-MED (CGL2017-86839-C3-2-R), DEHESACLIM (IB16185), RESILIENTFORESTS (LIFE17 CCA/ES/000063), Rhysotto (PID2019-106583RB-I00), AGL2017-83828C2-2-R, RTI2018-096884-B-C31, ESPAS (CGL2015-65569-R), and caRRRascal (RTI2018-095037-B-I00).Molina Herrera, A.; Navarro Cerrillo, R.; Pérez-Romero, J.; Alejano, R.; Bellot, JF.; Blanco, JA.; Camarero, JJ.... (2021). SilvAdapt.Net: A Site-Based Network of Adaptive Forest Management Related to Climate Change in Spain. Forests. 12(12):1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121807127121

Evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and ex vitro seedlings of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis

Objective: To assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity of hydroethanolic extracts of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis against model bacteria and fungi of agricultural importance. Design/Methodology/Approach: In vitro plants of D. muscipula were propagated and acclimatized for three months. The antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus and the antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudocercospora fijiensis were evaluated. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the means obtained with a Tukey test (p?0.05). Results: The hydroethanolic extracts of D. muscipula in vitro and acclimatized showed a bacteriostatic activity against the bacteria E. coli (65.20 and 69.78% inhibition) and B. cereus (91.75 and 92.61% inhibition) and an antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis of 7.56 and 14.21% of inhibition, respectively. Study Limitations/Implications: The hydroethanolic extracts of D. muscipula in vitro and acclimatized did not show antifungal activity against A. niger and F. oxysporum. Findings/Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extracts of D. muscipula in vitro and acclimatized showed a bacteriostatic activity against the bacteria E. coli and B. cereus and antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis.Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of hydroethanolic extracts of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis against bacteria models and fungi of agricultural importance. Design/Methodology/Approach: In vitro plants of D. muscipula were propagated and acclimatized for three months. The antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus was evaluated, and the antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to compare the means obtained with Tukey’s test (p≤0.05). Results: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula presented bacteriostatic activity against the bacteria E. coli (65.20 and 69.78 % of inhibition) and B. cereus (91.75 and 92.61 % of inhibition), and antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis of 7.56 and 14.21 % of inhibition, respectively. Study Limitations/Implications: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula did not show antifungal activity against A. niger and F. oxysporum. Findings/Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula presented bacteriostatic activity against bacteria E. coli and B. cereus and antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis