Bioprospection of cellulose-decomposers soil bacteria / Bioprospecção de bactérias do solo degradadoras de celulose

Soil microorganisms have a high bacterial biodiversity and an important group is the cellulose-decomposers bacteria, which through their endoglucanases, exoglucanases and ?-glycosidases enzymatic complexes are responsible for the planet organic biomass degradation. Therefore, to understand and apply their potentials in the biotechnology area, is necessary to know their biologic, biochemical and environmental characteristics and proprieties of the microorganisms involved in these degradation processes. Ten bacteria isolates where obtained. To verify the degradation, the filter paper and solid medium Luria-Bertani was used. In the extracellular enzymatic production analysis, the substrate used was the Whatman N°1 filter paper for the ß-1,4 exoglucanase and carboxymethyl cellulose for the ß-1,4 endoglucanase. Also the microbial biomass analysis was made. The results showed that, the most effective cellulose degradation isolates having as substrates, the BC5 and the BC2 bacteria respectively. In the endoglucanase ß-1,4 enzymatic activity was the BC5 and for the ß-1,4 exoglucanase was the BC8, meanwhile for the microbial biomass production, the best result was for the BC9 isolate bacteria. The results showed that between the different bacteria species from the different locals, significant differences were presented, when each of the analysis were compared and therefore this can be associated to the different types of ecosystems and to the biochemical and environmental characteristics in each type of soil, having different mechanisms directly related with the cellulose degradation. Therefore, these microorganisms have a potential use in diverse biotechnological and bioremediation cellulose degradation processes.

Bioprospecting degrading microorganisms of soil cellulose

The importance of soil micro-organisms depend on each of the activities they develop into the environment and so that their functions depend bacterial diversity. Within this group of microorganisms is the cellulose degrading bacteria, using an enzyme complex of three types of enzymes endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β glucosidases responsible for the degradation of organic matter. The objective of this work was the isolation and characterization through enzymatic activity of cellulose degrading bacteria from different types of soil. Soil samples were coletasdas the Amazon forest, family agro-ecosystems under the Crop-Livestock integration system and rural open field, in the cities of Belém do Pará (State of Pará), Arroio do Padre and Canguçu (State of Rio Grande do Sul ) in Brazil and taken to the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biology / UFPel. 10 bacterial isolates were obtained. The analysis for the verification of cellulose degradation was made by the filter paper method Whatman No. 1 and Luria-Bertani plate. In the analysis of extracellular enzyme production the substrate used was Whatman filter paper # 1 for ß-1,4 exoglucanase and carboxymethylcellulose for ß-1,4 endoglucanase. In addition, they made the analysis of microbial biomass. The results showed that the most effective isolated in cellulose degradation as substrate No.1 Whatman filter paper and carboxymethylcellulose were the BC5 bacterial and BC2 respectively. In the β-1,4-endoglucanase enzymatic activity was BC5 and β-1,4-exoglucanase was BC8, while for the production of microbial biomass the best result was for the BC9 bacteria. The results indicated that among different species of bacteria from different locations differ significantly compared in each of the tests, and therefore may be associated with different types of both biochemical ecosystems and characteristics, as well as environmental conditions in each type of soil, presenting distinct mechanisms directly related to cellulose degradation. Thus, these microorganisms have potential for use in many biotechnological processes and bioremediation in the degradation of cellulose.Sem bolsaA importância dos micro-organismos do solo dependem de cada uma das atividades que eles desenvolvem no ambiente e pelo tanto suas funções dependem dessa diversidade bacteriana. Dentro deste grupo de micro-organismos estão as bactérias degradadoras de celulose, que usam um complexo enzimático de três tipos de enzimas endoglucanases, exoglucanases e β-glicosidases responsáveis pela degradação da matéria orgânica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o isolamento e caracterização através da atividade enzimática de bactérias degradadoras de celulose provenientes de diversos tipos de solo. As amostras do solo foram coletasdas da floresta amazónica, agroecossistemas familiares sob o sistema de integração Lavoura-Pecuária e em campo aberto rural, nas cidades de Belém do Pará (Estado de Pará), Arroio do Padre e Canguçu (Estado de Rio Grande do Sul) no Brasil e levadas ao Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Instituto de Biologia/UFPel. Foram obtidos 10 isolados de bactérias. A análise para a verificação da degradação de celulose foi feita pelo método do papel filtro Whatman N°1 e meio Luria-Bertani em placa. Na análise da produção enzimática extracelular o substrato usado foi Papel Filtro Whatman Nº1 para a ß-1,4 exoglucanase e carboximetilcelulose para a ß-1,4 endoglucanase. Além, foram feitos as analises de biomassa microbiana. Os resultados mostraram que os isolados mais efetivos na degradação de celulose tendo como substrato papel filtro Whatman Nº1 e carboximetilcelulose, foram as bactérias BC5 e a BC2 respectivamente. Na atividade enzimática β-1,4 endoglucanase foi a BC5 e para β-1,4 exoglucanase foi a BC8, enquanto para a produção de biomassa microbiana o melhor resultado foi para a bactéria BC9. Os resultados indicaram que entre as diferentes espécies de bactérias oriundas de diferentes localidades apresentam diferenças significativas quando comparadas em cada um das análises e, portanto, pode estar associado aos diferentes tipos de ecossistemas e características tanto bioquímicas, como também ambientais em cada tipo de solo, apresentando mecanismos distintos relacionados diretamente com a degradação de celulose. Assim, estes micro-organismos apresentam potenciais para serem usados em diversos processos biotecnológicos e de biorremediação na degradação da celulose