Comparison of Different Classifiers and the Majority Voting Rule for the Detection of Plum Fruits in Garden Conditions

Color segmentation is one of the most thoroughly studied problems in agricultural applications of remote image capture systems, since it is the key step in several different tasks, such as crop harvesting, site specific spraying, and targeted disease control under natural light. This paper studies and compares five methods to segment plum fruit images under ambient conditions at 12 different light intensities, and an ensemble method combining them. In these methods, several color features in different color spaces are first extracted for each pixel, and then the most effective features are selected using a hybrid approach of artificial neural networks and the cultural algorithm (ANN-CA). The features selected among the 38 defined channels were the b* channel of L*a*b*, and the color purity index, C*, from L*C*h. Next, fruit/background segmentation is performed using five classifiers: artificial neural network-imperialist competitive algorithm (ANN-ICA); hybrid artificial neural network-harmony search (ANN-HS); support vector machines (SVM); k nearest neighbors (kNN); and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In the ensemble method, the final class for each pixel is determined using the majority voting method. The experiments showed that the correct classification rate for the majority voting method excluding LDA was 98.59%, outperforming the results of the constituent methods.This research was funded by the Spanish MICINN, as well as European Commission FEDER funds, under grant RTI2018-098156-B-C53. This project has also been supported by the European Union (EU) under Erasmus+ project entitled "Fostering Internationalization in Agricultural Engineering in Iran and Russia" [FARmER] with grant number 585596-EPP-1-2017-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP

Análisis del juego de ataque en balonmano femenino

.- This study focuses on the specific organization of the attacking strategies in women's handball. In particular, we explore the specific weight of the two possible modalities of attack: positional and counterattack. To do so, during the 2008/2009 season, we have analyzed through a systematic observation methodology, direct and non-participant, the matches of a team that plays in the First Division of Women's Handball. To determine the rates of effectiveness, we have studied more than 2000 attacks and 900 throws on goal. Statistical analysis revealed that counterattack is more effective than positional play, and that it has a closer relationship with victory.Este estudio examinó la específica organización del juego de ataque en balonmano femenino. En concreto, hemos explorando el peso específico de los dos posibles tipos de ataque: posicional y contraataque. Para ello, hemos analizado los partidos de un mismo equipo de División de Honor Femenina durante la temporada 2008/2009 mediante metodología de la observación sistemática, directa y no participante. Hemos estudiado más de 2000 jugadas de ataque y 900 lanzamientos a portería, determinando de esta manera los índices de efectividad. El análisis estadístico reveló que existe una mayor eficacia del contraataque frente al juego posicional, además de una mayor relación con la victoria final

Offloading strategies for Stencil kernels on the KNC Xeon Phi architecture: Accuracy versus performance

[EN] The ever-increasing computational requirements of HPC and service provider applications are becoming a great challenge for hardware and software designers. These requirements are reaching levels where the isolated development on either computational field is not enough to deal with such challenge. A holistic view of the computational thinking is therefore the only way to success in real scenarios. However, this is not a trivial task as it requires, among others, of hardware¿software codesign. In the hardware side, most high-throughput computers are designed aiming for heterogeneity, where accelerators (e.g. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), etc.) are connected through high-bandwidth bus, such as PCI-Express, to the host CPUs. Applications, either via programmers, compilers, or runtime, should orchestrate data movement, synchronization, and so on among devices with different compute and memory capabilities. This increases the programming complexity and it may reduce the overall application performance. This article evaluates different offloading strategies to leverage heterogeneous systems, based on several cards with the firstgeneration Xeon Phi coprocessors (Knights Corner). We use a 11-point 3-D Stencil kernel that models heat dissipation as a case study. Our results reveal substantial performance improvements when using several accelerator cards. Additionally, we show that computing of an approximate result by reducing the communication overhead can yield 23% performance gains for double-precision data sets.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work is jointly supported by the Fundacion Seneca (Agencia Regional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Region de Murcia) under grants 15290/PI/2010 and 18946/JLI/13 and by the Spanish MINECO, as well as European Commission FEDER funds, under grants TIN2015-66972-C5-3-R and TIN2016-78799-P (AEI/ FEDER, UE). MH was supported by a research grant from the PRODEP under the Professional Development Program for Teachers (UAGro-197) MéxicoHernández, M.; Cebrián, JM.; Cecilia-Canales, JM.; García, JM. (2020). Offloading strategies for Stencil kernels on the KNC Xeon Phi architecture: Accuracy versus performance. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications. 34(2):199-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094342017738352S199297342Michael Brown, W., Carrillo, J.-M. Y., Gavhane, N., Thakkar, F. M., & Plimpton, S. J. (2015). Optimizing legacy molecular dynamics software with directive-based offload. Computer Physics Communications, 195, 95-101. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.05.004Esmaeilzadeh, H., Blem, E., St. Amant, R., Sankaralingam, K., & Burger, D. (2012). Power Limitations and Dark Silicon Challenge the Future of Multicore. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 30(3), 1-27. doi:10.1145/2324876.2324879Feng, L. (2015). Data Transfer Using the Intel COI Library. High Performance Parallelism Pearls, 341-348. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802118-7.00020-0Jeffers, J., & Reinders, J. (2013). Offload. Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor High Performance Programming, 189-241. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410414-3.00007-4Rahman, R. (2013). Intel® Xeon Phi™ Coprocessor Architecture and Tools. doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-5927-5Reinders J, Jeffers J (2014) High Performance Parallelism Pearls, Multicore and Many-core Programming Approaches (Characterization and Auto-tuning of 3DFD). Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 377–396.Shareef, B., de Doncker, E., & Kapenga, J. (2015). Monte Carlo simulations on Intel Xeon Phi: Offload and native mode. 2015 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC). doi:10.1109/hpec.2015.7322456Ujaldón, M. (2016). CUDA Achievements and GPU Challenges Ahead. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 207-217. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41778-3_20Wang, E., Zhang, Q., Shen, B., Zhang, G., Lu, X., Wu, Q., & Wang, Y. (2014). High-Performance Computing on the Intel® Xeon Phi™. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06486-4Wende, F., Klemm, M., Steinke, T., & Reinefeld, A. (2015). Concurrent Kernel Offloading. High Performance Parallelism Pearls, 201-223. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802118-7.00012-

Evaluación del pretratamiento con ácido sulfúrico diluido del pasto maralfalfa (Pennisetum glaucum x Pennisetum purpureum) para la producción de etanol

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>ES-CO</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="EN-US">Título en ingles: Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of goliath grass </span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="EN-US">(<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pennisetum <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">glaucum</span> x Pennisetum<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> purpureum</span>) </em><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">for ethanol cellulosic</span></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="ES-TRAD">Resumen : </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="ES">Evaluar la producción de etanol a partir de cultivos lignocelulósicos, específicamente pastos de rápido crecimiento en la región, constituye una alternativa a la demanda de biocombustibles. En la presente investigación se seleccionó el pasto Maralfalfa (</span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ">Pennisetum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">glaucum</span> x Pennisetum<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>purpureum</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ">) utilizando el pretratamiento con ácido sulfúrico diluido a diferentes temperaturas (110, 130, 150, 170 y 190 °C) y concentraciones de ácido (0.8, 1.2 y 2.0% (p/p)), seguido de un proceso de hidrólisis enzimática utilizando celulasas y celobiosas comerciales y un proceso de hidrólisis y fermentación simultanea. La máxima producción de etanol obtenido fue 117 mg etanol/ g biomasa pretratada a </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="ES">190 °C y 1,2 %(p/p) de ácido sulfúrico. El líquido hidrolizado fue caracterizado calculando el porcentaje de glucosa, xilosa y lignina solubilizadas y degradadas durante el pretratamiento.</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="ES">Palabras clave</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="ES">: etanol lignocelulósico; celulosa; hemicelulosa.</span></p> <p class="TAMainText" style="text-indent: 0cm; line-height: normal;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="EN-US">Abstract: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="EN-US">The goliath grass (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pennisetum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">glaucum</span> x Pennisetum<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>purpureum</span></em><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">) was pretreated with</span> different sulfuric acid concentrations <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">(0.8, 1.2 y 2.0% (w/w)) from low to high temperatures (110, 130, 150, 170 y 190 °C) followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and SSF of remaining solids. The maximum yield was 117 mg of ethanol/g biomass to 190 °C and 1.2 % (w/w) of sulfuric acid.</span></span></p> <p class="TAMainText" style="text-indent: 0cm; line-height: normal;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="EN-US">Key words:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: " lang="EN-US"> lignocellulosic ethanol; hemicelluloses; cellulose.</span></p

Analysis of the narrative communication characteristics of virtual reality experiences: meaning-making components of the immersive story

Virtual reality is a technology and media that has evolved dramatically&nbsp;in the last decades. Undoubtedly, the medium has developed its own&nbsp;dynamics and narrative characteristics, due to the possibility of interaction&nbsp;and the ability to allow the viewer/user to focus on different levels of&nbsp;action. In this research, the relevant narrative characteristics in virtual&nbsp;reality are described based on a literature review. Secondly, a sample of&nbsp;online experiences of 360º virtual reality, or cinematic virtual reality (CVR),&nbsp;are analyzed to determine the characters and possibilities of narrative&nbsp;features presented. This analysis can help establish parameters and&nbsp;guidelines for the creation of virtual reality and 360º immersive contents in&nbsp;heterogeneous audiovisual and multimedia fields. The results show both&nbsp;the narrative and aesthetic possibilities of the analyzed videos and their&nbsp;technical and expressive possibilities, in terms of the ability to integrate&nbsp;narrative structures, as well as content in the use of innovative formal&nbsp;resources. In this sense, 360º immersive video becomes an added value&nbsp;of considerable dimensions

Weed Classification for Site-Specific Weed Management Using an Automated Stereo Computer-Vision Machine-Learning System in Rice Fields

Producción CientíficaSite-specific weed management and selective application of herbicides as eco-friendly techniques are still challenging tasks to perform, especially for densely cultivated crops, such as rice. This study is aimed at developing a stereo vision system for distinguishing between rice plants and weeds and further discriminating two types of weeds in a rice field by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and two metaheuristic algorithms. For this purpose, stereo videos were recorded across the rice field and different channels were extracted and decomposed into the constituent frames. Next, upon pre-processing and segmentation of the frames, green plants were extracted out of the background. For accurate discrimination of the rice and weeds, a total of 302 color, shape, and texture features were identified. Two metaheuristic algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the bee algorithm (BA), were used to optimize the neural network for selecting the most effective features and classifying different types of weeds, respectively. Comparing the proposed classification method with the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier, it was found that the proposed ANN-BA classifier reached accuracies of 88.74% and 87.96% for right and left channels, respectively, over the test set. Taking into account either the arithmetic or the geometric means as the basis, the accuracies were increased up to 92.02% and 90.7%, respectively, over the test set. On the other hand, the KNN suffered from more cases of misclassification, as compared to the proposed ANN-BA classifier, generating an overall accuracy of 76.62% and 85.59% for the classification of the right and left channel data, respectively, and 85.84% and 84.07% for the arithmetic and geometric mean values, respectively

Contribución al mapa geohidrológico de la provincia de Buenos Aires : Zona Noreste

Entre las actividades que realiza el CFI se ha desarrollado con notable expansión el estudio y evaluación de las fuentes de aguas subterráneas, tendiente a su aprovechamiento integral acorde con los principios sobre uso, conservación y manejo de los recursos naturales. La Colección Hidrología Subterránea de la Serie Investigaciones Aplicadas traduce en síntesis, los resultados obtenidos en los distintos trabajos de la disciplina encarados por esta Dirección, en la pretensión de difundir la gran variedad de casos que se tratan y los resultados obtenidos. Dada la reducida difusión de las investigaciones hidrogeológicas, que se restringe a escasas y esforzadas reuniones de especialistas, y la inexistencia de publicaciones específicas, logrando con excepción espacios en revistas generales, la Colección propicia la edición de números especiales, en los que se traten temas vinculados con el agua subterránea. En este caso se presenta un trabajo producido por el Convenio Desarrollo y Manejo de Aguas Subterráneas (DYMAS), que fuera celebrado entre el CFI y la provincia de Buenos Aires. Su importancia radica en el carácter regional del estudio, convirtiéndolo en fuente de consulta permanente, en especial para los profesionales que desarrollan su actividad en esa provincia.Consejo Federal de Inversiones (CFI