Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of the cuprate superconductors

This paper reviews the most recent ARPES results on the cuprate superconductors and their insulating parent and sister compounds, with the purpose of providing an updated summary of the extensive literature in this field. The low energy excitations are discussed with emphasis on some of the most relevant issues, such as the Fermi surface and remnant Fermi surface, the superconducting gap, the pseudogap and d-wave-like dispersion, evidence of electronic inhomogeneity and nano-scale phase separation, the emergence of coherent quasiparticles through the superconducting transition, and many-body effects in the one-particle spectral function due to the interaction of the charge with magnetic and/or lattice degrees of freedom. The first part of the paper introduces photoemission spectroscopy in the context of strongly interacting systems, along with an update on the state-of-the-art instrumentation. The second part provides a brief overview of the scientific issues relevant to the investigation of the low energy electronic structure by ARPES. The rest of the paper is devoted to the review of experimental results from the cuprates and the discussion is organized along conceptual lines: normal-state electronic structure, interlayer interaction, superconducting gap, coherent superconducting peak, pseudogap, electron self energy and collective modes. Within each topic, ARPES data from the various copper oxides are presented.Comment: Reviews of Modern Physics, in press. A HIGH-QUALITY pdf file is available at http://www.physics.ubc.ca/~damascel/RMP_ARPES.pd

Development of oligonucleotide microarrays onto si-based surfaces via thioether linkage mediated by UV irradiation

Selective covalent immobilization of thiolated oligonucleotides onto an epoxy-functionalized silicon-substrate can be achieved via light radiation (365 nm). Following this approach, thiol-modified oligonucleotide probes were covalently attached as microarrays, reaching an immobilization density of 2.5 pmol·cm -2, with a yield of 53%. The developed method presents the advantages of spatially controlled probe anchoring (by means of using a photomask), direct attachment without using cross-linkers, and short irradiation times (10 min). Hybridization efficiencies up to 65%, with full complementary strands, were reached. The approach was evaluated by scoring single nucleotide polymorphisms with a discrimination ratio around 15. Moreover, sensitive and selective detection of bacterial Escherichia coli was demonstrated. © 2012 American Chemical Society.Financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (CTQ2010-15943 BQU) and Generalitat Valenciana (programa PROMETEO/2010/008) is acknowledged. We also thank the NTC of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for the clean room facilities.Escorihuela Fuentes, J.; Bañuls Polo, MJ.; Puchades Pla, R.; Maquieira Catala, Á. (2012). Development of oligonucleotide microarrays onto si-based surfaces via thioether linkage mediated by UV irradiation. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 23(10):2121-2128. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc300333aS21212128231

Chemical silicon surface modification and bioreceptor attachment to develop competitive integrated photonic biosensors

[EN] Methodology for the functionalization of siliconbased materials employed for the development of photonic label-free nanobiosensors is reported. The studied functionalization based on organosilane chemistry allowed the direct attachment of biomolecules in a single step, maintaining their bioavailability. Using this immobilization approach in probe microarrays, successful specific detection of bacterial DNA is achieved, reaching hybridization sensitivities of 10 pM. The utility of the immobilization approach for the functionalization of label-free nanobiosensors based on photonic crystals and ring resonators was demonstrated using bovine serum albumin (BSA)/anti-BSA as a model system.The authors thank European Union (INTOPSENS FP7-ICT-223932), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (project no. FEDER CTQ2010-15943) and Generalitat Valenciana (project no. PROMETEO/2010/008 and GV-2010-031) for financial support.Escorihuela Fuentes, J.; Bañuls Polo, MJ.; García Castelló, J.; Toccafondo, V.; García-Rupérez, J.; Puchades Pla, R.; Maquieira Catala, Á. (2012). Chemical silicon surface modification and bioreceptor attachment to develop competitive integrated photonic biosensors. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 404:2831-2840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6280-4S28312840404Wallace RW (1997) Mol Med Today 3:384–389Lockhart DJ, Winzeler EA (2000) Nature 405:827–836Wang Y, Vaidya B, Farquar HD, Stryjewski W, Hammer RP, McCarley RL, Sope SA (2003) Anal Chem 75:1130–1140Hopwood AJ, Hurth C, Yang J, Cai Z, Moran N, Lee-Edghill JG, Nordquist A, Lenigk R, Estes MD, Haley JP, McAlister CR, Chen X, Brooks C, Smith S, Elliott K, Koumi P, Zenhausern F, Tully G (2010) Anal Chem 82:6991–6999Lettieri T (2006) Environ Health Perspect 114:4–9Villeneuve DJ, Parissenti AM (2004) Curr Top Med Chem 4:1329–1345Debouck C, Goodfellow PN (1999) Nat Genet 21:48–50Sendroiu IE, Gifford LK, Lupták A, Corn RM (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:4271–4273Palchetti I, Mascini M (2008) Analyst 133:846–854Fan XD, White IM, Shopova SI, Zhu H, Suter JD, Sun Y (2008) Anal Chim Acta 620:8–26Luchansky MS, Bailey RC (2012) Anal Chem 84:793–821Zourob M, Lakhtakia A (2010) Optical guided-wave chemical and biosensors II, chap 1. Springer-Verlag, HeidelbergHunta HK, Armani AM (2010) Nanoscale 2:1544–1559Mandal S, Goddard JM, Erickson D (2009) Lab Chip 9:2924–2932Washburn AL, Gunn LC, Bailey RC (2009) Anal Chem 81:9499–9506De Vos K, Bartolozzi I, Schacht E, Bienstman P, Baets R (2007) Opt Express 15:7610–7615Ramachandran A, Wang S, Clarke J, Ja SJ, Goad D, Wald L, Flood EM, Knobbe E, Hryniewicz JV, Chu ST, Gill D, Chen W, King O, Little BE (2008) Biosens. Bioelectron 23:939–944Claes T, Molera JG, De Vos K, Schacht E, Baets R, Bienstman P (2009) IEEE Photon J 1:197–204Sagiv J (1980) J Am Chem Soc 102:92–98George S, Block ID, Jones SI, Mathias PC, Chaudhery V, Vuttipittayamongkol P, Wu HY, Vodkin LO, Cunningham BT (2010) Anal Chem 82:8551–8557Huang CS, George S, Lu M, Chaudhery V, Tan R, Zangar RC, Cunningham BT (2011) Anal Chem 83:1425–1430Hermanson GT (2008) Bioconjugate techniques, chap 13. Academic, New YorkZhu HY, White IM, Suter JD, Fan XD (2008) Biosens Bioelectron 24:461–466Zhu H, Dale PS, Caldwell CW, Fan X (2009) Anal Chem 81:9858–9865Qavi AJ, Bailey RC (2010) Angew Chem Int Ed 49:4608–4611Byeon JY, Limpoco FT, Bailey RC (2010) Langmuir 26:15430–15435White IM, Zhu H, Suter JD, Fan X, Zourob M (2009) In: Rasooly A, Herold KE (eds) Methods in molecular biology: biosensors and biodetection, vol 503. Humana, New York, pp 139–165Mira D, Llorente R, Morais S, Puchades R, Maquieira A, Marti J (2004) Proc SPIE 5617:364–373Cross GH, Reeves A, Brand S, Swann MJ, Peel LL, Freeman NJ, Lu JRJ (2004) Phys D Appl Phys 37:74–80Chrisey LA, Lee GU, O’Ferrall EC (1996) Nucleic Acids Res 24:3031–3039Viganò M, Suriano R, Levi M, Turri S, Chiari M, Damin F (2007) Surf Sci 601:1365–1367JrT P (1985) Adv Protein Chem 37:231–237Stobiecka M, Hepel M, Radecki J (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:4873–4887Liao W, Wei F, Qian MX, Zhao XS (2004) Sens Actuators B 101:361–367Ham HO, Liu Z, Aaron Lau KH, Lee, Messersmith PB (2011) Angew Chem Int Ed 50:732–736Graf N, Gross T, Wirth T, Weigel W, Unger W (2009) Anal Bioanal Chem 393:1907–1912Bras M, Dugas V, Bessueille F, Cloarec JP, Martin JR, Cabrera M, Chauvet JP, Souteyrand E, Garrigues M (2004) Biosens Bioelectron 20:797–806Danos L, Greef R, Markvart T (2008) Thin Solid Films 516:7251–7255Marks RS, Lowe CR, Cullen DC, Weetall HH, Karube I (2007) Handbook of biosensors and biochips, vol 1, chap 32. Wiley, New YorkTinland B, Pluen A, Sturm J, Weill G (1997) Macromolecules 30:5763–5765García-Rupérez J, Toccafondo Bañuls MJ, Castelló JG, Griol A, Peransi-Llopis S, Maquieira A (2010) Opt Express 18:24276–24286Armani AM, Kulkarni RP, Fraser SE, Flagan RC, Vahala KJ (2007) Science 317:783–787Bohren CF, Huffman DR (1998) Absorption and scattering of light by small particles. Wiley, New Yor

BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues experiences and published evidence. Methods: In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results: BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era

BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues' experiences and published evidence