Avar kori nyílhegyek a Tisza-Maros- Körös vidéken

In this paper I examined avar age arrowheads based on the specimens found in the Tisza-Maros-Körös region. Based on the 27 arrowheads of the 13 sites I have elaborated on the bases of the tipology of the avar age arrowheads. The characteristic feature of the Körös-Tisza-Maros region that in the avar period were put less weapon in the graves. For this reason, both geographically and by burial habits, it can be said to be a well-defined area. Nevertheless this 27 arrowhead has shown a sufficiently variability to form a base of a comprehensive tipology. In this tipology, arrowheads were separated on the basis of shape aspects, it was indispensable to create a standard terminology for the parts of the arrowhead. Beyond the formal separation of the arrowheads I also organized them into functional groups. The 27 arrowheads I examined finally separated into 11 formal group and 3 funcitonal group. This tipology can not be projected into the whole Avar Khaganate, but it can be used as a basis for a comprehensive typology in the future

Íjászgyűrűk a Kárpát-medencei avar kori anyagban

In my paper, I examine the Avar archer technique. In the international scholarship, the nomadic archer technique, the Mongolian draw, or thumb draw/thumb technique can be considered a thoroughly studied area. These archer techniques have two characteristic devices, namely the thumb ring and the thumb guard. The latter is less researched, this is why we have few information about it. However, these archer techniques have never been studied in the archaeological material of a certain nomadic tribe. This is true also concerning the Avar Age material of the Carpathian Basin. Present paper is the first attempt to introduce two characteristic objects of the draw in the archaeological material of a nomadic people and to present new data on the rings worn on the hand holding the bow, because this topic was peripheric both in Hungarian and international scholarship. So, the opinions on the function of the thumb guard are divided. Some researchers think that these rings were applied to stabilize the lay of arrow, or maybe the nodule helped in aiming. In other opinions, these rings protected the hand holding the bow. So far, we didn’t know the Avar archery technique; in my study I tried to investigate it. In the Avar material of the Carpathian Basin, I separated 21 burials from 15 sites where bone and metal rings could have been thumb rings and thumb guards. These objects are usually found near the area of the left hand, pelvis and limb. They all have similar metric data and morphological features. These rings are made of iron or, in some cases, of bronze; their inner diameter is 1.3–2.3 cm in average. This inner diameter is similar to the rings from the Eurasian steppe. They have similar morphological features, namely they consist of two parts, a round body; their characteristic feature is also the nodule. They can be ranked in two types and six subtypes