The Protection of Private Information in the Internet under Tort Law in Korea: From the Perspectives of Three Major Legal Conceptions of Law

This paper is a follow-up paper of my previous paper on the issue of protection of private information in the Internet under tort law. In the previous paper, I reviewed the facts, legal issues, background information, and policy issues in the lineage II case, coming to the conclusion that the process of finding law by the judges in a new case which does not have any convention or precedent inevitably entails the policy makings of the judiciary. Based on the factual and legal foundations of the previous paper, in this paper, I made a new effort of analyzing the three major legal conceptions of modern jurisprudence from the perspective of finding the law in hard cases and applying the legal conceptions to solving the lineage II case. The three legal conceptions I referred are conventionalism, legal pragmatism, and integrity in law. By reviewing and comparing each of the three legal conceptions, I came to the conclusion that legal pragmatism is the most candid and suitable legal methodology in dealing with the recent private information leakage lawsuits in Korea

The Concept of Public Interest Demonstrated in Korean Court Precedents

The concept of public interest is functioning as a topos in Korean public law discussions. However, no established definition of the term is presented in any books or papers on administrative law. An attempt to define a concrete and specified concept of public interest may turn out to be in vain because of the incommensurability of its value. In such case, the best way to get closer to the substance of the concept will be to search for the many and diverse ways the term public interest is used in real court precedents. This is because the court rulings are the result of many efforts to reach the best balancing point of conflicting interests. In Korean court precedents, many diverse explanations on public interest have been presented. For instance, the public interest has been illustrated as the interest of many and unspecified persons, general social welfare, environmental interest, the well functioning of state run organizations, interests related to traffic and transportation, interest related to education, the moral interest of our society, and interests related to basic human rights

Rational Choice in Modern Administrative Law: With the Behavioral Economics Approach to the Two Major Cases in Korea

In modern regulatory state, the government has to deal with the so-called risk issues. We are all surrounded by many different types of risks like climate change, bird flu, mad cow disease, genetically modified food, nuclear energy, etc., just name a few. The reason why modern administrative law is under a big challenge in dealing with those risk issues is that the government has to make policy choice under uncertainty. Compared to the traditional role of state like police administration and social benefit administration, the role of government in risk administration is much complicated and dynamic. In this paper, I would like to address the issue of how people and governments in modern administrative state can reach rational choice in dealing with risk management. The idea of democracy is based upon the rational choice of each individual participating political process. However, if, for some reason, people cannot fully understand what is going on and what kind of options they have, then, it is not easy for them to make rational choice in expressing their political preferences. Which naturally brings about the difficulty of government in setting appropriate policy measures in modern administrative law. With the interdisciplinary contribution of psychology, economics, and law, we now know that there are several human behavioral biases that are affecting the process of rational choice of individuals in forming their political preferences. Availability heuristic, cascading effect, group polarization, framing effect, hindsight bias, etc. are the major examples of those behavioral biases. In this paper, I will try to show how those behavioral biases are affecting the process of individuals political preference formation, explain what should be the main concern of modern administrative law to minimize the adverse effects of those possible irrationality of people in building up social preference function, and provide my own view on those topics

Solid tumors of the pancreas can put on a mask through cystic change

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Solid pancreatic tumors such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT), and pancreatic endocrine tumor (PET) may occasionally manifest as cystic lesions. In this study, we have put together our accumulated experience with cystic manifestations of various solid tumors of the pancreas.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From 2000 to 2006, 376 patients with pancreatic solid tumor resections were reviewed. Ten (2.66%) of these tumors appeared on radiological imaging studies as cystic lesions. We performed a retrospective review of medical records and pathologic findings of these 10 cases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the ten cases in which solid tumors of the pancreas manifested as cystic lesions, six were PDAC with cystic degeneration, two were SPT undergone complete cystic change, one was cystic PET, and one was a cystic schwannoma. The mean tumor size of the cystic portion in PDAC was 7.3 cm, and three patients were diagnosed as 'pseudocyst' with or without cancer. Two SPT were found incidentally in young women and were diagnosed as other cystic neoplasms. One cystic endocrine tumor was preoperatively suspected as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm or mucinous cystic neoplasm.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Cystic changes of pancreas solid tumors are extremely rare. However, the possibility of cystic manifestation of pancreas solid tumors should be kept in mind.</p

Transsplenic Ultrasound-Guided Balloon Positioning During a Zone 1 Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta: A Case Report

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is an effective resuscitative modality to temporize noncompressible truncal hemorrhage. Confirming the proper position of the balloon catheter in the target aortic zone is vital. Currently, there is a need for nonradiographical methods. This would overcome the drawbacks of conventional imaging modalities, such as fluoroscopy. Several studies have suggested ultrasound-guided visualization via subxiphoid, transperitoneal, or transesophageal views as an alternative to conventional imaging methods. However, such views are easily obscured in emergency settings. Herein, we report the case of a 70-year-old patient who was successfully resuscitated by REBOA under the guidance of transsplenic ultrasound. REBOA was safely performed using transsplenic visualization without fluoroscopy

부정교합이 성인 여자대학생의 자존감에 미치는 영향

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of malocclusion on the self-esteem of female university students. Methods: The subjects were composed of 67 female university students who showed Class I molar relation, no missing or supernumerary teeth and has had no orthodontic treatment experience. Each subject was evaluated with Rosenberg`s Self-esteem Scale to measure the level of self-esteem and also evaluated the degree of anterior crowding and lip protrusion through model analysis and cephalometric soft tissue profile analysis. Results: The results showed that a protrusive profile and crowding of upper anterior teeth had significant reducing effects on the level of self-esteem. The protrusion and crowding groups showed no significant differences in self-esteem between groups. Conclusions: Malocclusion had significant negative effects on the self-esteem of female university students. Further research to investigate the negative psychological influence of malocclusion and the education of lay people about this influence is necessary. (Korean J Orthod 2008;38(6):388-396)이 논문은 2007년도 교정학회 대국민홍보 연구비 지원에 의하여 연구되었음.

Real-Time Test-Bed System Development Using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) Simulation Technique for Reliability Test of DC Nano Grid

Since various power sources such as renewable energy and energy storage systems (ESSs) are connected to the DC grid, the reliability of the grid system is significant. However, the configuration of an actual DC grids for testing the reliability of the grid system is inconvenient, expensive and dangerous. In this paper, a test-bed system made up of a 20-kW DC nano grid and a control algorithm considering an external grid based on Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation are proposed to demonstrate the reliability of the DC grid. Using the PHIL simulation technique, target grids can be safely implemented with laboratory-level instruments and simulated by real-time simulators, which emulates grid operations that are similar to the actual grid. In addition, using the proposed control algorithm, the operations of grid-connected converters are demonstrated according to the grid-connected or islanding modes. Finally, the reliability of the simulated DC nano grid and the effectiveness of the grid-connected converter are verified using the PHIL simulation system with 3-kW prototype converters

En masse retraction and two-step retraction of maxillary anterior teeth in adult Class I females: a comparison of anchorage loss.

Objective: To compare the amount of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth and amount of retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth between en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 female adult patients with Class I malocclusion and lip protrusion who needed maximum posterior anchorage. The sample was subdivided into group 1 (n = 15, mean age = 21.4 years, en masse retraction) and group 2 (n = 15, mean age = 24.6 years, two-step retraction). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2). Nine skeletal and 10 anchorage variables were measured, and independent t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Although the amount of horizontal retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth was not different between the two groups, there was mild labial movement of the root apices of the upper incisors in group 2 at T2. There were no significant differences in the degree of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth between the two groups. Bodily and mesial movements of the upper molars occurred in both groups. Approximately 4 mm of the retraction of the upper incisal edges resulted from 1 mm of anchorage loss in the upper molars in both groups. Conclusion: No significant differences existed in the degree of anchorage loss of the upper posterior teeth and the amount of retraction of the upper anterior teeth associated with en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth

En masse retraction and two-step retraction of maxillary anterior teeth in adult class I women - A comparison of anchorage loss

Objective: To compare the amount of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth and amount of retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth between en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 female adult patients with Class I malocclusion and lip protrusion who needed maximum posterior anchorage. The sample was subdivided into group 1 (n = 15, mean age = 21.4 years, en masse retraction) and group 2 (n = 15, mean age = 24.6 years, two-step retraction). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2). Nine skeletal and 10 anchorage variables were measured, and independent t-test was us ed for statistical analysis. Results: Although the amount of horizontal retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth was not different between the two groups, there was mild labial movement of the root apices of the upper incisors in group 2 at T2. There were no significant differences in the degree of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth between the two groups. Bodily and mesial movements of the upper molars occurred in both groups. Approximately 4 mm of the retraction of the upper incisal edges resulted from 1 mm of anchorage loss in the upper molars in both groups. Conclusion: No significant differences existed in the degree of anchorage loss of the upper posterior teeth and the amount of retraction of the upper anterior teeth associated with en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth.

Production of Transgenic Cloned Miniature Pigs with Membrane-bound Human Fas Ligand (FasL) by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Cell-mediated xenograft rejection, including NK cells and CD8+ CTL, is a major obstacle in successful pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Human CD8+ CTL and NK cells display high cytotoxicity for pig cells, mediated at least in part by the Fas/FasL pathway. To prevent cell-mediated xenocytotoxicity, a membrane-bound form of human FasL (mFasL) was generated as an inhibitor for CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity that could not be cleaved by metalloproteinase to produce putative soluble FasL. We produced two healthy transgenic pigs harboring the mFasL gene via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In a cytotoxicity assay using transgenic clonal cell lines and transgenic pig ear cells, the rate of CD8+ CTL-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in transgenic pig&#x27;s ear cells compared with that in normal minipig fetal fibroblasts. Our data indicate that grafts of transgenic pigs expressing membrane-bound human FasL control the cellular immune response to xenografts, creating a window of opportunity to facilitate xenograft survival