“Tales and Adventures”: G.A. Henty’s Union Jack and the Competitive World of Publishing for Boys in the 1880s’

In the competitive publishing environment of the late nineteenth century, writers and magazines had to distinguish themselves carefully from potential rivals. This article examines how G.A. Henty’s quality boys’ weekly, Union Jack (1880-83), attempted to secure a niche in the juvenile publishing market by deliberately distinguishing itself from other papers as a literary, imperialist and “healthy” publication. The article explores the design and marketing techniques of the magazine, its status as a fiction paper, the high calibre of its contributors, and its aggressive rhetoric in targeting an exclusively masculine audience. It argues that while Union Jack was marketed as a niche publication, it eventually failed to distinguish itself sufficiently to survive in an extremely competitive environment

Soft Covariant Gauges on the Lattice

We present an exploratory study of a one-parameter family of covariant, non-perturbative lattice gauge-fixing conditions, that can be implemented through a simple Monte Carlo algorithm. We demonstrate that at the numerical level the procedure is feasible, and as a first application we examine the gauge dependence of the gluon propagator.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, epsf.sty included + 5 PostScript picture

Improved Lattice Spectroscopy of Minimal Walking Technicolor

We present a numerical study of spectroscopic observables in the SU(2) gauge theory with two adjoint fermions using improved source and sink operators. We compare in detail our improved results with previous determinations of masses that used point sources and sinks and we investigate possible systematic effects in both cases. Such comparison enables us to clearly assess the impact of a short temporal extent on the physical picture, and to investigate some effects due to the finite spatial box. While confirming the IR-conformal behaviour of the theory, our investigation shows that in order to make firm quantitative predictions, a better handle on finite size effects is needed.Comment: 33 pages, 30 figures, 18 table

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of polyautoimmunity in Sjögren’s syndrome (secondary Sjögren’s syndrome) focusing on autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Healthcare on license from Scandinavian Rheumatology Research Foundation Objective: The epidemiology of polyautoimmunity in Sjögren’s syndrome (secondary Sjögren’s syndrome – sSS) is not well defined and has not been investigated before using a systematic approach. We conducted a systematic review of the epidemiology of sSS associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, and myositis, assessing the prevalence rates (PRs) and clinical and serological features of sSS. Method: A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase databases (updated to March 2016) was performed to identify all published data on PR, demographic profile, clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and causes of death associated with sSS. The PR’s of sSS were summarized with PRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The literature search identified 1639 citations, of which 42 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only 19 studies were of moderate to good quality and were selected for the meta-analysis. According to a random-effects model, the pooled PR for sSS associated with RA was 19.5% (95% CI 11.2 to 27.8) and the pooled PR for sSS associated with SLE was 13.96% (95% CI 8.88 to 19.04). The female/male ratio of sSS in the RA population was 14.7 (95% CI 7.09 to 256) and in the SLE population was 16.82 (95% CI 1.22 to 32.4). Conclusion: Prevalence rates of sSS vary widely in different populations. Both meta-analyses conducted in the RA and SLE populations were characterized by a high degree of study heterogeneity. The results of this meta-analysis highlight the need for better quality population studies

Current Renormalisation Constants with an O(a)-improved Fermion Action

Using chiral Ward identities, we determine the renormalisation constants of bilinear quark operators for the Sheikholeslami-Wohlert action lattice at beta=6.2. The results are obtained with a high degree of accuracy. For the vector current renormalisation constant we obtain Z_V=0.817(2)(8), where the first error is statistical and the second is due to mass dependence of Z_V. This is close to the perturbative value of 0.83. For the axial current renormalisation constant we obtain Z_A = 1.045(+10 -14), significantly higher than the value obtained in perturbation theory. This is shown to reduce the difference between lattice estimates and the experimental values for the pseudoscalar meson decay constants, but a significant discrepancy remains. The ratio of pseudoscalar to scalar renormalisation constants, Z_P/Z_S, is less well determined, but seems to be slightly lower than the perturbative value.Comment: 8 pages uuencoded compressed postscript file. Article to be submitted to Phys.Rev.

Optimal Concentration of Light in Turbid Materials

In turbid materials it is impossible to concentrate light into a focus with conventional optics. Recently it has been shown that the intensity on a dyed probe inside a turbid material can be enhanced by spatially shaping the wave front of light before it enters a turbid medium. Here we show that this enhancement is due to concentration of light energy to a spot much smaller than a wavelength. We focus light on a dyed probe sphere that is hidden under an opaque layer. The light is optimally concentrated to a focus which does not exceed the smallest focal area physically possible by more than 68%. A comparison between the intensity enhancements of both the emission and excitation light supports the conclusion of optimal light concentration.Comment: We corrected an ambiguous description of the focus size in our abstract and text pointed out by an anonymous refere

Gauge Invariant Smearing and Matrix Correlators using Wilson Fermions at beta=6.2

We present an investigation of gauge invariant smearing for Wilson fermions on a $24^3 \times 48$ lattice at $\beta = 6.2$. We demonstrate a smearing algorithm that allows a substantial improvement in the determination of the baryon spectrum obtained using propagators smeared at both source and sink, at only a small computational cost. We investigate the matrix of correlators constructed from local and smeared operators, and are able to expose excited states of both the mesons and baryons.Comment: at lattice `92. 4 pages latex + 3 postscript figures. Edinburgh preprint: 92/51

Weinberg propagator of a free massive particle with an arbitrary spin from the BFV-BRST path integral

The transition amplitude is obtained for a free massive particle of arbitrary spin by calculating the path integral in the index-spinor formulation within the BFV-BRST approach. None renormalizations of the path integral measure were applied. The calculation has given the Weinberg propagator written in the index-free form with the use of index spinor. The choice of boundary conditions on the index spinor determines holomorphic or antiholomorphic representation for the canonical description of particle/antiparticle spin.Comment: 31 pages, Latex, version published in Class. Quantum Gra