A Cumulative Stress and Training Continuum Model: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Unexplained Underperformance Syndrome

This article provides an understanding of the unexplained underperformance syndrome (UPS; Budgett, Newsholme, Lehmann, et al. 19994. Budgett, R, Newsholme, E, Lehmann, M, Sharp, C, Jones, D, Peto, T, Collins, D, Nerurkar, R and White, P. 1999. Redefining the overtraining syndrome as the unexplained underperformance syndrome. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34: 67–68. View all references) and the problems surrounding the current presentation of it. This was done in terms of processes and outcomes. Recommendations for a more stringent usage of terms was provided. Based on Selye’s (1956)27. Selye, H. 1956. The Stress of Life, New York: McGraw-Hill. View all references General Adaptation Theory and a model described by Kenttä and Hassmén (199816. Kenttä, G and Hassmén, P. 1998. Overtraining and recovery—a conceptual model. Sports Medicine, 26: 1–26. View all references; 200217. Kereszty, A. 1971. “Overtraining”. In Encyclopaedia of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Edited by: Larson, LA and Herrmann, DE. 218–222. New York: Macmillan. View all references), a Cumulative Stress and Training Continuum Model was put forward that incorporates both the continuum paradigm and the supercompensation cycle model of training. These models, combined with a multidisciplinary approach, provide a useful framework for understanding the processes and outcomes of athletic performance in general and the unexplained underperformance syndrome in particular. The Cumulative Stress and Training Continuum Model emphasizes the complex interactions between the many factors affecting UPS and their weblike, cumulative, and synergistic relationships. Such an approach assists in explaining how seemingly nonsignificant factors in their own right could exert disproportionate importance and effect. Also, it emphasizes the individual variability and susceptibility to UPS as well as the fluctuations within a given individual. The unique contribution of the Cumulative Stress and Training Continuum Model put forward in the present article is that it is a truly inclusive and holistic model for addressing UPS

Common Subexpression Isolation in Multiple Query Optimization

Abstract: The simultaneous optimization of multiple queries submitted to a database system may lead to substantial savings over the current approach of optimizing each query separately. Isolating common subexpressions in multiple queries and treating their execution as a sharable resource are important prerequisites. This chapter presents techniques for recognizing, supporting, and exploiting common subexpressions in record-oriented, relational algebra, domain relational calculus, and tuple relational calculus query representations, It also investigates preconditions that transaction management mechanisms must satisfy to make multiple query optimization effective. The joint execution of batches of queries and update operations has been a standard technique in the conventional, record-at-a-time file systems of the sixties and early seventies. However, with the introduction of interactive database systems based on direct access to specific subsets of data, th