Local and systemic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults.

It is not fully understood why COVID-19 is typically milder in children1-3. Here, to examine the differences between children and adults in their response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analysed paediatric and adult patients with COVID-19 as well as healthy control individuals (total n = 93) using single-cell multi-omic profiling of matched nasal, tracheal, bronchial and blood samples. In the airways of healthy paediatric individuals, we observed cells that were already in an interferon-activated state, which after SARS-CoV-2 infection was further induced especially in airway immune cells. We postulate that higher paediatric innate interferon responses restrict viral replication and disease progression. The systemic response in children was characterized by increases in naive lymphocytes and a depletion of natural killer cells, whereas, in adults, cytotoxic T cells and interferon-stimulated subpopulations were significantly increased. We provide evidence that dendritic cells initiate interferon signalling in early infection, and identify epithelial cell states associated with COVID-19 and age. Our matching nasal and blood data show a strong interferon response in the airways with the induction of systemic interferon-stimulated populations, which were substantially reduced in paediatric patients. Together, we provide several mechanisms that explain the milder clinical syndrome observed in children

United States 1854

Description derived from published bibliography. Map of the eastern United States showing relief by hachures, drainage, cities and towns, state boundaries, canals, and the railroad network. In 1923 Poor's Publishing Company of New York issued a reduced redrawing of this map measuring 46 x 50 cm. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701p.rr000270Color;1:2,750,00

The money question; a handbook for the times,

Mode of access: Internet

Poor's manual of railroads.

Mode of access: Internet

Money and its laws: embracing a history of monetary theories, and a history of the currencies of the United States.

Mode of access: Internet

Poor's manual of the railroads of the United States.

Mode of access: Internet

Map of all the railroads in the United States in operation and progress.

Map of the eastern United States showing relief by hachures, drainage, cities and towns, state boundaries, canals, and the railroad network. In 1923 Poor's Publishing Company of New York issued a reduced redrawing of this map measuring 46 x 50 cm.Scale 1:2,750,000.LC Railroad maps, 27Description derived from published bibliography

The battles of Cape Esperance, 11 October 1942 and Santa Cruz Islands, 26 October 1942.

Shipping list no.: 94-0109-P.Originally published: Washington, D.C. : Publications Branch, Office of Naval Intelligence, 1943. (Combat narratives). (Solomon Islands campaign ; 4-5). With new foreword.Henry V. Poor authored the account of the Battle of Cape Esperance while the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands was written by Henry V. Poor, Henry A. Mustin, and Colin G. Jameson; both were published together without attribution by the Office of Naval Intelligence in 1943.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet