Photo of microscopy of the ulcer’s exudate smear, using Diff-Quik staining, from the wound margin taken at initial presentation showing small rod-shaped bacteria as indicated by arrows (magnification 1,000×).

<p>The box in the middle is shown enlarged in the box in the left lower corner.</p

Growth of small grey colonies identified as <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> as seen on the chocolate agar plate after an incubation period of 48 hours.

<p>The 3 white colonies were not further specified.</p

Flow chart of specimen collection for the evaluation of a Chlamydia Rapid Test test as diagnostic for urogenital chlamydia in women at two study sites in Paramaribo, Suriname, from July 2009 to February 2010.

<p>NAAT; Aptima chlamydia single test, Genprobe (control test) CRT; Chlamydia Rapid Test, Diagnostics for the Real World (evaluated test).</p

Map showing the location of Indonesian islands visited by our patient.

<p>The black box is shown enlarged in the box in the right upper corner. Seram and Ambon, islands that were visited by our patient, are indicated with a blue and red star, respectively. This map was created using the online LandsatLook Viewer at <a href="https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/" target="_blank">https://landsatlook.usgs.gov/</a>.</p

<i>C. trachomatis</i> quantitative bacterial load and human cell load measurements in concordant and discordant samples with NAAT (Aptima chlamydia single test) and the Diagnostics for the Real World Chlamydia Rapid Test (CRT).

<p>Evaluation of a CRT as diagnostic for urogenital chlamydia in women at two study sites in Paramaribo, Suriname, from July 2009 to February 2010.</p><p>IFU; inclusion forming units.</p><p>HLA; human leucocyte antigen gene.</p

Performance results of the Diagnostics for the Real World Chlamydia Rapid Test (CRT) compared to NAAT (Aptima chlamydia single test).

<p>Evaluation of a CRT as diagnostic for urogenital chlamydia in women at two study sites in Paramaribo, Suriname, from July 2009 to February 2010.</p><p>PPV; positive predictive value.</p><p>NPV; negative predictive value.</p><p>95% CI; 95% confidence interval.</p

General characteristics of the 912 women included in the evaluation of a Chlamydia Rapid Test as diagnostic for urogenital chlamydia in women at two study sites in Paramaribo, Suriname, from July 2009 to February 2010.

<p>IQR; interquartile range.</p

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Rectal-Only Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea in Women and in Men Who Have Sex with Men

<div><p>Background</p><p>Both anorectal <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (CT) and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoea</i> (NG) can occur as a rectal-only infection or concurrently with simultaneous urogenital infection with the same pathogen. Characterising the target groups in which rectal-only infections occur may improve the efficacy of screening practices.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We analysed data from two Dutch outpatient sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics between 2011 and 2012. We included all men who have sex with men (MSM) (n = 9549) and women (n = 11113), ≥18 years, who had been tested for anorectal and urogenital CT and/or NG (either as a result of reporting anal sex/symptoms or via routine universal testing). Factors associated with rectal-only CT and NG infections were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p>Results</p><p>In MSM, anorectal CT prevalence was 9.8% (693/7094), anorectal NG prevalence was 4.2% (397/9534). In women this was 9.5% overall (439/4597) and 0.9% (96/10972) respectively. Anorectal CT prevalence among women who were routinely universally tested was 10.4% (20/192), for selective testing this was 9.5% (419/4405) (p = 0.68). Anorectal NG infections were not detected among women who were routinely universally tested (p = 0.19). Among CT or NG positive MSM, rectal-only CT infections were found in 85.9% (595/693), for NG this was 85.6% (340/397) respectively. In positive women these figures were 22.1% (97/439)for CT and 20.8% (20/96) for NG, respectively. In MSM, independent factors associated with rectal-only CT were: being a sex worker (OR0.4,CI0.2–1.0), exclusively having sex with men (OR3.4,CI1.7–6.8), and absence of urogenital symptoms (OR0.2,CI0.2–0.4). In women, these factors were: older age (OR2.3, CI1.3–4.0) and non-Western nationality (OR1.8, CI1.0–3.5). Factors associated with rectal-only NG in MSM were: having been warned for STIs by an (ex) partner (OR2.9,CI1.1–7.5), oropharyngeal NG infection (OR2.4,CI1.0–5.3), and absence of urogenital symptoms (OR0.02,CI0.01–0.04), while in women no significant factors were identified.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The prevalence of anorectal CT and NG was substantial in MSM and prevalence of anorectal CT was also substantial in women. Anorectal infections occurred mostly as rectal-only infections in MSM and mostly concurrent with other infections in women. Given the lack of useful indicators for rectal-only infections, selective screening based on a priori patient characteristics will have low discriminatory power both in relation to MSM and women.</p></div

Prevalence and factors associated with anorectal chlamydia and gonorrhoea and prevalence and factors associated with rectal-only chlamydia and gonorrhoea in women by multivariable logistic regression.

<p>Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were adjusted for the variables included in this table. For categorical variables, the reference category is indicated with value ‘1’.</p

Results of SKINDEX-29 and EQ-5D questionnaires on treatment visit 1 and follow-up visits 6 weeks according to treatment group of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Suriname from 2010–2013.

<p>* One patient in the 7 day regimen withdrew before the 1^st treatment visit; 15 patients in the 7 day regimen group and 26</p><p>patients in the 3 day regimen group did not show up.</p><p># P value: Mann Whitney test for continuous outcomes</p><p>Chi² test for categorical outcomes.</p><p>Results of SKINDEX-29 and EQ-5D questionnaires on treatment visit 1 and follow-up visits 6 weeks according to treatment group of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Suriname from 2010–2013.</p