2,546 research outputs found
Oil and Gas Exploitation on Arctic Indigenous Peoplesâ Territories Human Rights, International Law and Corporate Social Responsibility
The Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoplesâ GaÌldu CÌaÌla nr 4/2006 con- tains two articles addressing certain core social, legal and economic questions related to oil and gas operations in indigenous areas, written by Mr. Rune Sverre Fjellheim and Mr. John B. Henriksen respectively.
Around the world, including in the Arctic, there are disputes about ownership, utiliza- tion, management and conservation of traditional indigenous lands and resources - often caused by decisions or attempts to use traditional indigenous lands and resources for industrial purposes, including oil and gas exploration. This situation represents an enor- mous challenge, and in some cases threatens indigenous societies and their economies, cultures and ways of life.
Indigenous peoples have been, and in many cases still are, deprived of their human rights and fundamental freedoms as distinct peoples. This has resulted in the dispos- session of their lands, territories and resources, and prevented them from exercising their right to development in accordance with their needs and interests. The interests of commercial development normally prevail over indigenous peoplesâ rights and interests, despite the fact that the survival of indigenous peoples â as distinct peoples â depends on their possibility to manage their own traditional lands and resources in a manner and mode appropriate to their specific circumstances.
The article âArctic Oil and Gas â Corporate Social Responsibilityâ discusses the re- sponsibilities of the industrial operators in the Arctic. The Arctic holds 25% of the known remaining global Oil and Gas resources. Industrial development in the Arctic poses seri- ous environmental and Human Rights challenges. It is one of the most pristine and vul- nerable ecosystems in the world and the home of 40-50 distinct Indigenous Peoples. The author shows examples of Corporate Policies designed to address their responsibilities relating to Indigenous Peoples, and discusses the difficulties in turning corporate policies into practice.
The article entitled âOil and Gas Operations in Indigenous Peoplesâ Lands and Ter- ritories in the Arctic: A Human Rights Perspectiveâ â written by Mr. John B. Henriksen â elaborates on the international human rights protection accorded to indigenous lands and resource rights, with particular reference to oil and gas exploration
Recommendations to the formulation of EU regulation 2092/91 on livestock production
Within the SAFO network, the workpackage on standard development has focussed on the topic, on how and to what degree the EU-Regulations con-tribute to the objective of a high status of anima health and food safety in organic livestock production. Results and conclusions from the discussions at 5 SAFO workshops are presented
Fluctuation spectrum of quasispherical membranes with force-dipole activity
The fluctuation spectrum of a quasi-spherical vesicle with active membrane
proteins is calculated. The activity of the proteins is modeled as the proteins
pushing on their surroundings giving rise to non-local force distributions.
Both the contributions from the thermal fluctuations of the active protein
densities and the temporal noise in the individual active force distributions
of the proteins are taken into account. The noise in the individual force
distributions is found to become significant at short wavelengths.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, minor changes and addition
Experimental Investigation of the Fracture Behaviour of Reinforced Ultra High Strength Concrete
High Accretion Rate during Class 0 Phase due to External Trigger
Recent observations indicate that some class 0 sources have orders of
magnitude higher accretion rates than those of class I. We investigated the
conditions for the high accretion rates of some class 0 sources by numerical
calculations, modelling an external trigger. For no external trigger, we find
that the maximum value of the accretion rate is determined by the ratio
of the gravitational energy to the thermal one within a flat inner
region of the cloud core. The accretion rate reaches \sim 10^{-4} M_{\sun}
yr^{-1} if the cloud core has . For an external trigger we find
that the maximum value of the accretion rate is proportional to the momentum
given to the cloud core. The accretion rate reaches > 10^{-4} M_{\sun}
yr^{-1} with a momentum of \sim 0.1 M_{\sun} km s^{-1} when the initial
central density of the cloud core is . A comparison
between recent observational results for prestellar cores and our no triggered
collapse model indicates that the flat inner regions of typical prestellar
cores are not large enough to cause accretion rates of \sim 10^{-4} M_{\sun}
yr^{-1}. Our results show that the triggered collapse of the cloud core is
more preferable for the origin of the high accretion rates of class 0 sources
than no triggered collapse.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Isotope effects in the photofragmentation of symmetric molecules: The branching ratio of OD/OH in water
Infall models of Class 0 protostars
We have carried out radiative transfer calculations of infalling, dusty
envelopes surrounding embedded protostars to understand the observed properties
of the recently identified ``Class 0'' sources. To match the far-infrared peaks
in the spectral energy distributions of objects such as the prototype Class 0
source VLA 1623, pure collapse models require mass infall rates
\sim10^{-4}\msunyr. The radial intensity distributions predicted by
such infall models are inconsistent with observations of VLA 1623 at sub-mm
wavelengths, in agreement with the results of Andre et al. (1993) who found a
density profile of rather than the expected gradient. To resolve this conflict, while still invoking
infall to produce the outflow source at the center of VLA 1623, we suggest that
the observed sub-mm intensity distribution is the sum of two components: an
inner infall zone, plus an outer, more nearly constant-density region. This
explanation of the observations requires that roughly half the total mass
observed within 2000 AU radius of the source lies in a region external to the
infall zone. The column densities for this external region are comparable to
those found in the larger Oph A cloud within which VLA 1623 is embedded. The
extreme environments of Class 0 sources lead us to suggest an alternative or
additional interpretation of these objects: rather than simply concluding with
Andre et al. that Class 0 objects only represent the earliest phases of
protostellar collapse, and ultimately evolve into older ``Class I'' protostars,
we suggest that many Class 0 sources could be the protostars of very dense
regions. (Shortened)Comment: 22 pages, including 3 PostScript figures, accepted for publication in
The Astrophysical Journa
Extending Compositional Message Sequence Graphs
We extend the formal developments for message sequence charts (MSCs) to support scenarios with lost and found messages. We define a notion of extended compositional message sequence charts (ECMSCs) which subsumes the notion of compositional message sequence charts in expressive power but additionally allows to define lost and found messages explicitly. As usual, ECMSCs might be combined by means of choice and repetition towards (extended) compositional message sequence graphs. We show that - despite extended expressive power - model checking of monadic second-order logic (MSO) for this framework remains to be decidable. The key technique to achieve our results is to use an extended notion for linearizations
- âŠ