Разработка методики определения органических и биологически активных соединений в водных растворах с использованием модифицированных электродов вольтамперометрическим методом

Работа заключается в изучении возможности применения планарных графитовых электродов, модифицированных наночастицами меди, для количественного определения органических соединений в водных растворах. В работе применяются методы статистической обработки экспериментальных данных для химического анализа. Проведена оценка показателей качества разработанных методик количественного определения аскорбиновой кислоты, никотиновой кислоты и глюкозы.The scientific work consisted in study of the possibility of carbon screen-printed electrodes modified with copper nanoparticles using for the quantitative determination of organic compounds in aqueous solutions. The methods of statistical processing of experimental data for chemical analysis were used in the work. The quality indicators of the developed methods of quantitative determination of ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid and glucose have been evaluated

Antimikrobielle Therapie der Hornhaut : die Pharmakokinetik in der lokalen Therapie und ihre Optimierung durch den Mikrotrepan; am Beispiel von Ciprofloxacin und PVP-Jod

The basis to this work is a study which consists of two parts. The first one was done during an Erasmus exchange-program at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Trondheim, Norway, the second one at the Department of Ophthalmology of the RWTH Aachen. The starting point of both parts is the comparison of two methods to examine the anterior compartment of the eye. Another parallel in both parts is the analysis of the pharmacocinetics of two different substances in the topical therapy of the cornea. The main focus of each part of the study was different, as described below. Methods: In the first part, we used NMR spectroscopy (nuclear magnetic resonance) to analyse drugs containing fluor and to detect them in the anterior segments of the eye. The antibiotic Ciprofloxacin served as example in this study. In the second part we examined the therapeutical potency of the microtrephine in the corneal therapy. We used Polyvidon-Iodine (PVP-Iodine) as reference substance in relation to Ciprofloxacin in order to study penetration into the cornea. The analysis was performed by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA). Topical application of the two different substances was performed in rabbits, following a defined protocol. Afterwards, the tissue of interest (cornea, aqueous humour, lens) was excised and prepared for analysis. Results: Ciprofloxacin is detected by means of 19F NMR spectroscopy in the aqueous humour, cornea and lens of the rabbits following topical application. It is quantified in the cornea. 1H NMR spectroscopy makes it possible to analyse the metabolic state of the examined tissue. We identify about 20 different metabolites in both the aqueous humour and the cornea. EDX-analysis allows the detection of PVP-Iodine in the different layers of the cornea and a differentiated analysis and visualisation of the substance’s penetration into the corneal stroma through intact epithelium or after microtrephination respectively. Discussion: By means of NMR spectroscopy a quantification of substances containing fluor is possible in the different parts of the anterior segment of the eye. The detection of Ciprofloxacin in the lens is described for the first time. EDX-analysis allows a differentiated analysis of the corneal layers concerning the metabolic state and the presence of substances containing iodine. Penetration of topically applied substances into the tissue can be visualised. Ciprofloxacin was not detectable by this method. The concentration of fluor in the cornea after the topical application of Ciprofloxacin following our protocol was too low to be detected by EDX-analysis. We could show, that the treatment with the microtrephine prior to local therapy optimises local penetration of topically applied PVP-Iodine into the corneal stroma and thus may open an improvement of local therapy of the cornea for defined indications