In Flight Detection and Localisation of Short Circuits on Solar Generators

In the last decades a number of failures in which a solar cell is short-circuited to the panel substrate have been reported or suspected. In the meantime protective measures, like single string connection and use of bleed resistors in the grounding circuit have been implemented. However it is still not always clear whether such an anomaly occurred and the in-flight instrumentation is usually not sufficient to provide unambiguous evidence. This paper describes a simple way to identify both the occurrence of such a cell to substrate short circuit and the panel on which it is located. The paper is then completed with the main results from the CNES study performed in 2012 to demonstrate the performance, analyse the reliability and assess the industrial feasibility of such a system

Beyond Lithium-Ion: Lithium- Sulphur Batteries for Space?

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are established as the state of the art [1] rechargeable batteries for terrestrial and space applications today since the launch of Proba 1 satellite in 2001. [2] At the moment there is strong interest by all stakeholders related or influenced by the battery markets on two systems: The rechargeable Li-air (Li-O2) and Li-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries. There have been many studies on both technologies during the past decades but since major challenges are still to be overcome, none of the two technologies has been yet commercialized. Li-S is believed to reach mass commercialization towards the end of the decade whereas Li-O2 is expected to be available after 2030. Therefore, discussion to follow hereby will focus on Li-S. Li-S cells are regarded as one of the most promising systems for next generation batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, the abundant and low cost sulfur resources and lithium-ion comparable cathode production techniques. [RD3] If Li-S batteries were to be successfully developed and reach their theoretical maximum, batteries over six times lighter than the conventional lithium-ion ones, would be available. [RD4] Sion Power in the US and OXIS Energy Ltd. in Europe are the major companies producing Li-S cells. Prototype Cells were procured from Oxis Energy, UK and characterisation tests were performed at ESA-ESTEC Battery Life Test Facility in Noordwijk, Netherlands. The results are presented here, mainly in order to enhance basic understanding on existing technology in Europe and show relevant trends. Consequences at power system level, if this technology was to be adopted for satellite applications, are also addressed in this paper

In Flight Detection and Localisation of Short Circuits on Solar Generators

In the last decades a number of failures in which a solar cell is short-circuited to the panel substrate have been reported or suspected. In the meantime protective measures, like single string connection and use of bleed resistors in the grounding circuit have been implemented. However it is still not always clear whether such an anomaly occurred and the in-flight instrumentation is usually not sufficient to provide unambiguous evidence. This paper describes a simple way to identify both the occurrence of such a cell to substrate short circuit and the panel on which it is located. The paper is then completed with the main results from the CNES study performed in 2012 to demonstrate the performance, analyse the reliability and assess the industrial feasibility of such a system

Conte merveilleux et poésie

Les liens entre le conte et la poésie relèvent à la fois de l’évidence et de la gageure. Pour Andersen, « le conte est le royaume le plus étendu de la poésie » : définition romantique qui fonde la poésie du conte sur la valeur, mais fait bon marché du vers, depuis toujours critère de la poésie. Or la question du moyen de la poésie et du conte est posée depuis le XVIIe siècle avec Perrault jusqu’au XIXe siècle chez les auteurs de recueils de contes poétiques en prose. Entre temps, il y a eu le romantisme des frères Grimm et la valorisation du fonds populaire comme source de poésie. Ce faisant, on est passé d’une poétique « classique » à une poétique « moderne ». Pourtant, Perrault avait anticipé la même opposition en prenant parti pour les « Modernes » dans la fameuse « Querelle ». Les études ici réunies examinent sur trois siècles les avatars du conte poétique en vers et en prose. Loin de toute conception linéaire ou finaliste, la lecture des auteurs et des œuvres met en évidence les jalons significatifs de cette histoire, quitte à faire voler un éclats les idées reçues de la poétique des genres : à la fin du XVIIe déjà, « on a touché au vers », pour le plus grand profit d’une littérature qui ne cessera de se réinventer

PHI-PHI, opérette ; extrait : "La Gamine charmante" ; DEDE, opérette ; extrait : "Dans la vie faut pas s'en faire" / WILLEMETZ, CHRISTINE. COMTE OBLIGADO, opérette ; extrait : "La caravane" / BARDE, MORETTI. PAS SUR LA BOUCHE : opérette ; extrait : "Un baiser, un baiser" / BARDE, YVAIN (M) ; BUA (Mario) et son orchestre

Titre uniforme : [Comte Obligado !]. ExtraitTitre uniforme : [Phi-Phi]. ExtraitBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière

13 valses de la Belle Epoque / chanté par Mathé ALTHERY, avec l'orch. Jacques METEHEN

Titre uniforme : [Frou-frou]Titre uniforme : [Quand l'amour meurt]Titre uniforme : [Ah ! c'qu'on s'aimait]Titre uniforme : [Fascination]Titre uniforme : [Ah! c'qu'on s'aimait]Comprend : FROU-FROU / MONREAL, BLONDEAU, Henri CHATAU - FASCINATION / M. de FERAUDY, MARCHETTI - OH LA TROUBLANTE VOLUPTE / André BARDE, Charles CUVILLIER - GRISERIE / G. MILLANDY, P. VARENNE, Auguste BOSC - ROSE-MOUSSE / Fabrice LEMON, Auguste BOSC - TU NE SAURAS JAMAIS / G. MILLANDY, Joseph RICO - AH C'QU'ON S'AIMAIT / Lucien BOYER, Paul MARINIER - AMOUREUSE / R. BERGER, M. de FERAUDY - QUAND L'AMOUR MEURT / G. MILLANDY, O. CREMIEUX - POURQUOI NE PAS M'AIMER / E. HEROS, A. MARGIS - LES BAS NOIRS / DELORMEL, GARNIER, G. MAQUIS - MALGRE TES SERMENTS / CHRISTINE, J. HOWARD - REVIENS / FRAGSON, CHRISTINEBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière