175 research outputs found

    Fostering reflection in the training of speech-receptive action

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    Dieser Aufsatz erörtert Möglichkeiten und Probleme der Förderung kommunikativer Fertigkeiten durch die UnterstĂŒtzung der Reflexion eigenen sprachrezeptiven Handelns und des Einsatzes von computerunterstĂŒtzten Lernumgebungen fĂŒr dessen Förderung. Kommunikationstrainings widmen sich meistens der Förderung des beobachtbaren sprachproduktiven Handelns (Sprechen). Die individuellen kognitiven Prozesse, die dem sprachrezeptiven Handeln (Hören und Verstehen) zugrunde liegen, werden hĂ€ufig vernachlĂ€ssigt. Dies wird dadurch begrĂŒndet, dass sprachrezeptives Handeln in einer kommunikativen Situation nur schwer zugĂ€nglich und die Förderung der individuellen Prozesse sprachrezeptiven Handelns sehr zeitaufwĂ€ndig ist. Das zentrale Lernprinzip - die Reflexion des eigenen sprachlich-kommunikativen Handelns - wird aus verschiedenen Perspektiven diskutiert. Vor dem Hintergrund der Reflexionsmodelle wird die computerunterstĂŒtzte Lernumgebung CaiMan© vorgestellt und beschrieben. Daran anschließend werden sieben Erfolgsfaktoren aus der empirischen Forschung zur Lernumgebung CaiMan© abgeleitet. Der Artikel endet mit der Vorstellung von zwei empirischen Studien, die Möglichkeiten der ReflexionsunterstĂŒtzung untersucheThis article discusses the training of communicative skills by fostering the reflection of speech-receptive action and the opportunities for using software for this purpose. Most frameworks for the training of communicative behavior focus on fostering the observable speech-productive action (i.e. speaking); the individual cognitive processes underlying speech-receptive action (hearing and understanding utterances) are often neglected. Computer-supported learning environments employed as cognitive tools can help to foster speech-receptive action. Seven success factors for the integration of software into the training of soft skills have been derived from empirical research. The computer-supported learning environment CaiMan© based on these ideas is presented. One central learning principle in this learning environment reflection of one's own action will be discussed from different perspectives. The article concludes with two empirical studies examining opportunities to foster reflecti

    Training soft skills with software

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    Most trainings of communicative behavior focus on fostering the observable speech productive behavior (i.e. speaking). The individual cognitive processes underlying speech receptive behavior (hearing and understanding utterances) thus are often neglected. This is due to the fact that speech receptive behavior cannot be accessed in the midst of a conversation and that its training is very time-consuming. Computer-supported learning environments employed as cognitive tools can help to foster speech receptive behavior. This article discusses the fostering of speech receptive behavior and the possibilities of using software for this purpose. The computer-supported learning environment CaiMan© which is based on these ideas is presented. Finally, seven factors of success for the integration of software into the training of soft skills are derived from empirical research.Kommunikationstrainings widmen sich meist der Förderung des beobachtbaren sprachproduktiven Handelns (d.h. des Sprechens). Die individuellen kognitiven Prozesse, die dem sprachrezeptiven Handeln (Hören und Verstehen) zugrunde liegen, werden hĂ€ufig vernachlĂ€ssigt. Dies wird dadurch begrĂŒndet, dass sprachrezeptives Handeln in einer kommunikativen Situation nur schwer zugĂ€nglich und die Förderung der individuellen Prozesse sprachrezeptiven Handelns sehr zeitaufwĂ€ndig ist. ComputerunterstĂŒtzte Lernumgebungen können als kognitive Tools die Förderung sprachrezeptiven Handelns unterstĂŒtzen. Dieser Forschungsbericht erörtert Möglichkeiten und Probleme der Förderung sprachrezeptiven Handelns und des Einsatzes von computerunterstĂŒtzten Lernumgebungen fĂŒr dessen Förderung. Darauf aufbauend wird die computerunterstĂŒtzte Lernumgebung CaiMan© vorgestellt und beschrieben. Abschließend werden sieben Erfolgsfaktoren aus der empirischen Forschung zur Lernumgebung CaiMan© abgeleitet

    Integrative Evaluation: Ein Ansatz zur Erhöhung der Akzeptanz von Lehrevaluation an Hochschulen

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    This research report is concerned with integrative evaluation as a means to enhance the accep-tance of evaluations at universities. If evaluations are initiated from outside, e.g. from administrative institutions, the problem of reduced acceptance frequently arises. This means that teachers and students tend to dislike the evaluation, because the possibilities for those directly affected persons to actively influence the evaluation are rather low. With respect to this problem, it is shown how teachers, students and administration can be integrated in the evaluation process by providing possibilities for active participation. The three groups are integrated in the clarification of the evaluation goals and the evaluation design. This process is supported by using the evaluation cube. When the questionnaires are developed, these groups participate by generating the evaluation criteria. Based on these criteria, the expectancies of students regarding course quality, the expectancy confirmation and the satisfaction with the course are assessed. The feedback of the evaluation results aims at motivating teachers to enhance the quality of the course. Finally, intervention steps are elaborated by cooperation of the three groups. At the end of the report, research questions are outlined which are considered to be important with regard to integrative evaluation.In diesem Beitrag wird dargestellt, wie integrative Evaluation dazu beitragen kann, die Akzeptanz von Hochschulevaluation zu erhöhen. Bei "von außen" - z.B. durch die Verwaltung - initiierten Evaluationen zeigt sich hĂ€ufig das Problem der niedrigen Akzeptanz bei Lehrenden und Veranstaltungsteilnehmern, weil die Handlungs- und Einflußmöglichkeiten fĂŒr diese unmittelbar beteiligten Personen eher gering sind. Ausgehend von diesem Problem wird gezeigt, wie die beteiligten Gruppen - Lehrende, Teilnehmer und Auftraggeber - in den Evaluationsprozeß integriert werden können, indem fĂŒr diese Personen Handlungs- und Einflußmöglichkeiten geschaffen werden. Die beteiligten Gruppen werden bei der KlĂ€rung der Zielsetzung der Evaluation und bei der Entwicklung des Evaluationsdesigns einbezogen. Der Evaluationskubus dient der Veranschaulichung dieser VorgĂ€nge. Bei der Fragebogenentwicklung beteiligen sich die befragten Personen durch die Nennung von Evaluationskriterien. Auf der Grundlage dieser Kriterien werden die Erwartungen der Teilnehmer an die KursqualitĂ€t, die ErwartungsbestĂ€tigung und die Zufriedenheit mit der Veranstaltung erfaßt. Die RĂŒckmeldung der Evaluationsergebnisse erfolgt mit dem Ziel, die Lehrenden gegebenenfalls zu einer Verbesserung der VeranstaltungsqualitĂ€t zu motivieren. Abschließend werden gemeinsam Interventionsschritte erarbeitet. Im Ausblick wird auf Forschungsfragen eingegangen, die in Zusammenhang mit diesem Ansatz bedeutsam erscheinen

    Changes in attitudes towards smoking during smoking cessation courses for Turkish- and Albanian-speaking migrants in Switzerland and its association with smoking behavior: A latent change score approach

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    Introduction Migrant populations usually report higher smoking rates than locals. At the same time, people with a migration background have little or no access to regular smoking cessation treatment. In the last two decades, regular smoking cessation courses were adapted to reach out to Turkish- and Albanian-speaking migrants living in Switzerland. The main aims of the current study were (1) to analyze the effects of an adapted smoking cessation course for Turkish- and Albanian-speaking migrants in Switzerland on attitudes toward smoking and smoking behavior; and (2) to elucidate whether changes in attitudes toward smoking were associated to changes in smoking behavior in the short- and in the long-term. Methods A total of 59 smoking cessation courses (Turkish: 37; Albanian: 22) with 436 participants (T: 268; A: 168) held between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated. Attitudes toward smoking and cigarettes smoked per day were assessed at baseline and 3-months follow-up. One-year follow-up calls included assessment of cigarettes smoked per day. Data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling with latent change scores. Results Participation in an adapted smoking cessation course led to a decrease of positive attitudes toward smoking (T: ÎČ = −0.65, p < 0.001; A: ÎČ = −0.68, p < 0.001) and a decrease of cigarettes smoked per day in the short-term (T: ÎČ = −0.58, p < 0.001; A: ÎČ = −0.43, p < 0.001) with only Turkish-speaking migrants further reducing their smoking in the long-term (T: ÎČ = −0.59, p < 0.001; A: ÎČ = −0.14, p = 0.57). Greater decreases in positive attitudes were associated with greater reductions of smoking in the short-term (T: r = 0.39, p < 0.001; A: r = 0.32, p = 0.03), but not in the long-term (T: r = −0.01, p = 0.88; A: r = −0.001, p = 0.99). Conclusion The adapted smoking cessation courses fostered changes in positive attitudes toward smoking that were associated with intended behavior change in the short-term. The importance of socio-cognitive characteristics related to behavior change maintenance to further increase treatment effectiveness in the long-term is discussed

    Primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma: a case report and review of the literature

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    Primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma is a rare malignancy with only a few cases reported so far. A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for an investigation of a nodule in the left middle lung on chest radiography. Computed tomography revealed a mediastinal mass first described as a solitary fibrous tumor. The diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was established by computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle biopsy. Work up showed no metastasis to distant organs or contralateral pleural cavity. The mass was surgically resected; pathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of a monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma probably originating from phrenic nerve. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation and is free of recurrence after a follow up of 16 months
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