On type-I migration near opacity transitions. A generalized Lindblad torque formula for planetary population synthesis

We give an expression for the Lindblad torque acting on a low-mass planet embedded in a protoplanetary disk that is valid even at locations where the surface density or temperature profile cannot be approximated by a power law, such as an opacity transition. At such locations, the Lindblad torque is known to suffer strong deviation from its standard value, with potentially important implications for type I migration, but the full treatment of the tidal interaction is cumbersome and not well suited to models of planetary population synthesis. The expression that we propose retains the simplicity of the standard Lindblad torque formula and gives results that accurately reproduce those of numerical simulations, even at locations where the disk temperature undergoes abrupt changes. Our study is conducted by means of customized numerical simulations in the low-mass regime, in locally isothermal disks, and compared to linear torque estimates obtained by summing fully analytic torque estimates at each Lindblad resonance. The functional dependence of our modified Lindblad torque expression is suggested by an estimate of the shift of the Lindblad resonances that mostly contribute to the torque, in a disk with sharp gradients of temperature or surface density, while the numerical coefficients of the new terms are adjusted to seek agreement with numerics. As side results, we find that the vortensity related corotation torque undergoes a boost at an opacity transition that can counteract migration, and we find evidence from numerical simulations that the linear corotation torque has a non-negligible dependency upon the temperature gradient, in a locally isothermal disk.Comment: Appeared in special issue of "Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy" on Extrasolar Planetary System

K-SHELL FLUORESCENT YIELDS IN HIGHLY STRIPPED 57 Fe ATOMS

Charge changing effects during transit of a magnetic spectrometer have been used to measure K-shell fluorescent yields wK (q) in highly stripped 57Fe atoms of ionicity q. Results from preliminary experiments give average wK (q) in the configurations existing during the experiments of 0.97(3), 0.54(7), 0.42(6) and 0.41(9) for q=23, 22, 21 and 20 respectivel

Diferentes concentrações do inóculo de Cercospora sojina na intensidade da mancha foliar "olho-de-rã" em soja

A mancha foliar "olho-de-rã", cujo agente causal é o fungo Cercospora sojina, causa grandes perdas no cultivo da soja, principalmente na Argentina. Em experimento conduzido em laboratório e câmara climatizada, objetivou-se verificar o efeito de diferentes concentrações do inóculo de C. sojina na intensidade da mancha foliar "olho-de-rã" em folíolos de soja. As concentrações de conídios utilizadas foram de 10x10³, 20x10³, 30x10³, 40x10³, 50x10³ e 60x10³ conídios.mL-1, com e sem espalhante. Após a inoculação dos conídios por aspersão sobre os folíolos de soja, as plantas foram mantidas com molhamento foliar de 48 horas. Decorrido este período, as plantas permaneceram em câmara climatizada, em temperatura de 25 ºC por 15 dias. Avaliou-se a severidade, número e diâmetro de lesões. A concentração de 35.000 conídios.mL-1 com espalhante gerou intensidade de doença que possibilita a quantificação rápida e precisa da doença, podendo ser utilizada em futuros trabalhos de pesquisa