Surface functionalization of PEEK films using photochemical routes

Two photochemical routes have been considered for the surface topologically defined functionalization of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films, based, respectively, on the covalent coupling of molecules protected with a photoclivable group (indirect way A), and on the photografting of various azide derivatives (direct way B). (4,5-Dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)methyl succinamate 3 could be coupled to the PEEK-OH film surface, under wet-chemistry conditions, but in rather low yield. 4-Azido-benzoic acid 9,4-azido-tetrafluorobenzoic acid 6 and N-butyl-N'-(4-azidophenyl)thiourea 8 were grafted on the PEEK and PEEK-OH films surface, under mild photochemical conditions, in moderate to good yields. Attempts to obtain patterned surfaces with 4-azido-benzoic acid 9 and sodium 5-azido-naphthalene-1-sulphonate 10, under microlithographic conditions, failed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Effect of the chemical nature and length of spacer arms on the covalent grafting of fluorinated molecular probes at the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) membrane

A series of fluorinated molecular probes were synthesized that are characterized by spacer arms of various lengths and polarities. Previous molecules (1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b) were covalently fixed on the surface of poly(ethlylene terephthalate) (PET) membranes via activated hydroxyl chain endings. X-ray photoelectron microscopic analysis of the grafted samples allowed us to quantify the PET surface reactivity; the results were within 40-50 pmol/cm(2) of fixed probes, independent of the length and hydrophilicity of the spacer arms. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

One-step hydroxy substitution of 4,4'-dimethoxybenzhydrol with amides, lactams, carbamates, ureas and anilines

A series of amides, lactams, carbamates, ureas and anilines, equipped with various functionalities, were readily N-alkylated with the 4,4'-dimethoxybenzhydryl residue by reaction with 4,4'-dimethoxybenzhydrol [bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methanol] in acetic acid, at room temperature, under H2SO4 catalysis

Surface amination of PEEK film by selective wet-chemistry

Using 4,4'-dimethoxybenzhydrol as soluble mimic of the reduced poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK) monomer unit, we established the best experimental conditions to replace the hydroxyl group with an amine function, on the one hand, and to fix an amino acid residue, on the other hand. The selected strategies were then adapted to the surface functionalization of the PEEK-OH film obtained by reduction of the PEEK precursor. Thus, reaction with phenylcarbamate followed by LiOH hydrolysis gave the PEEK-NH2 film characterized by theta(w), multiple internal reflection (MIR) and X-ray photoelectron specstroscopy, (XPS). The PEEK-NH2 was further derivatized with 1,3-propanesultone. Reaction of PEEK-OH with N'-(9-fluorenylmethoxvcarbonyl) (L) glutamine followed by piperidine deprotection gave the PEEK-glutamine sim characterized by theta(w), MIR and XPS. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Covalent attachment of fluorescence probes on the PEEK-OH film surface

7-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin and I-aminopyrene were fixed on the PEEK-OH film surface by direct substitution of the hydroxyl functions in acidic medium. The resulting materials, called PEEK-coumarin and PEEK-pyrene, were analyzed by XPS, ToF-SIMS and fluorescence spectroscopy. This last method was not suitable for quantitative assays. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Surface functionalization of PEEK films studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Using the wet chemistry method, the surface of poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK) him aas selectively modified to produce PEEE-OH, PEEE-COOH, PEEK-glutamine, PEEK-NH2 and PEEK-SO3H samples displaying, respectively hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino acid, amine and sulphonyl functions. All the samples were analysed by XPS and time-of-flight (ToF) SIMS; the experimental data provided by both techniques were in good agreement, and allowed the chemical nature and the yield of the functional groups introduced by the different surface derivatizations to be determined. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd