The politics of one Oregon: the causes, consequences and prospects of overcoming the rural-urban divide

Presentation and paper from 2008 "Toward One Oregon" Conference

An Interspecies Signaling System Mediated by Fusaric Acid Has Parallel Effects on Antifungal Metabolite Production by Pseudomonas protegens Strain Pf-5 and Antibiosis of Fusarium spp.

Pseudomonas protegens strain Pf-5 is a rhizosphere bacterium that suppresses soilborne plant diseases and produces at least seven different secondary metabolites with antifungal properties. We derived mutants of Pf-5 with single and multiple mutations in biosynthesis genes for seven antifungal metabolites: 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol (DAPG), pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, hydrogen cyanide, rhizoxin, orfamide A, and toxoflavin. These mutants were tested for inhibition of the pathogens Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi. Rhizoxin, pyrrolnitrin, and DAPG were found to be primarily responsible for fungal antagonism by Pf-5. Previously, other workers showed that the mycotoxin fusaric acid, which is produced by many Fusarium species, including F. verticillioides, inhibited the production of DAPG by Pseudomonas spp. In this study, amendment of culture media with fusaric acid decreased DAPG production, increased pyoluteorin production, and had no consistent influence on pyrrolnitrin or orfamide A production by Pf-5. Fusaric acid also altered the transcription of biosynthetic genes, indicating that the mycotoxin influenced antibiotic production by Pf-5 at the transcriptional level. Addition of fusaric acid to the culture medium reduced antibiosis of F. verticillioides by Pf-5 and derivative strains that produce DAPG but had no effect on antibiosis by Pf-5 derivatives that suppressed F. verticillioides due to pyrrolnitrin or rhizoxin production. Our results demonstrated the importance of three compounds, rhizoxin, pyrrolnitrin, and DAPG, in suppression of Fusarium spp. by Pf-5 and confirmed that an interspecies signaling system mediated by fusaric acid had parallel effects on antifungal metabolite production and antibiosis by the bacterial biological control organism

Oregon 2023: Entering the Post-COVID World

The political and budget landscape of Oregon once again can be characterized by incivility and polarization as exemplified by the 6-week walkout of Senate Republicans denying the chamber a quorum to conduct business including the 2023-25 budget. Eventually the Republicans returned, and a budget was passed after the Democrats made concessions on abortion, gender affirming care, and gun bills. The 2023 economic forecast was surprisingly positive given the Federal Reserve’s reaction to persistent inflation, the governor and legislature chose three very difficult issues as their priorities: (1) homelessness and housing affordability, (2) mental health and addiction services, and (3) improved early literacy and K-12 education outcomes. There have been major state leadership changes in 2022 and 2023, although the shifts featured familiar faces in new positions more than any deep change. As the 2022 elections demonstrated, the rural-urban split festers. Meanwhile, the federal spigot from COVID funding slowly dries out, although federal infrastructure and economic development programs advance. In sum, the state’s steadiness could be on thin ice, especially with Oregon’s infamous “kicker” law returning a record $5.6 billion of tax revenue back to taxpayers

Oregon 2020-21: Budgeting During COVID

Oregon in 2020 and 2021 resembled other Western states: crisis on crisis. COVID, the COVID recession, forest fires and ice storms, and polarized politics dominated the news. Despite these challenges, the state’s fiscal situation turned out very positively. President Biden’s American Rescue Plan and the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act signed in November 2021 provided many billions to the state for 2021 and will cover diverse infrastructure needs over the next five years. This paper analyzes the surprisingly strong general fund and federal fund situations created by the COVID era and considers the political implications of the state’s fiscal situation

Oregon: Progressive Agenda, Yet Facing Great Fiscal Risks

The 2018 midterm elections strengthened the Democrats’ control of Oregon’s state government. Governor Kate Brown won re-election with 50percent of the vote defeating moderate Republican Knute Buehler with 46.6percent of the vote.  Democrats also increased their seats in both the House and Senate, leading to super majorities in both houses. Governor Brown and the Democrats in Salem have taken fairly strong progressive policy stances in 2017 and 2018, particularly opposing President Trump’s immigration and marijuana policies, reinforcing the West Coast carbon-reduction pattern, and strongly supporting health care coverage expansion. With a booming economy and unemployment at record lows, the state seems to be able to deliver on its progressive agenda for the 2017-19 biennium, but funding progressive policies in the future will be a challenge for the governor for a variety of reasons. The fate of this progressive vision depends on five elements: (1) the continuation of the favorable economy and the corresponding revenue growth in the approaching budget cycle; (2) the ability to manage the ongoing taxing and spending structures that include major obligations for the Public Employees Retirement System (PERS); (3) the constraints of ongoing dependency on income taxes; (4) the vicissitudes of Trump era politics and policy with declining federal funds; and (5) continued public support for expansive public policies

Oregon: Growing and Uncertain Spending Commitments

The foremost challenge facing the Oregon Legislature confronts nearly all state and localgovernments today: meeting growing and uncertain spending commitments while funding thepublic employee retirement system adequately. There is more than magnitude to this problem.The solutions are constricted by a rigid revenue system, funding patterns locked in by party politics,an initiative system that fosters spending commitments more easily than revenue raising,and strong judicial protections of public employee contractual guarantees. To capture the contextof the budget debates of the Winter/Spring of 2017, this paper examines the nature and legaciesof the November 2017 election, Oregon’s broad economic context, and the core budget debateswithin Salem

Oregon's 2013-15 Budget: Pulling Out of the Recession, Winners and Losers

The 2014 Oregon Legislative short session was a highly partisan affair where majority Democrats in the House and Senate pursued contentious issues to Republicans including marijuana legalization, gun control, the Columbia River Bridge Crossing, and the huge implementation problems of Oregon’s dysfunctional health plan exchange (“Cover Oregon”).  The economic picture in the state featured a modest recovery and urban job growth providing an increase in state income taxes, while other revenue sources such as cigarette taxes, estate taxes, and Oregon Lottery revenues were less than expected. Nonetheless, the legislature managed to adjust the 2013-15 biennial budget, although two issues indicate there are deeper unresolved problems remaining: ongoing public employee dissatisfaction and the impact of general fund redistribution on specific programs

Oregon's 2013-15 Budget: Pulling Out of the Recession, Winners and Losers

The 2014 Oregon Legislative short session was a highly partisan affair where majority Democrats in the House and Senate pursued contentious issues to Republicans including marijuana legalization, gun control, the Columbia River Bridge Crossing, and the huge implementation problems of Oregon’s dysfunctional health plan exchange (“Cover Oregon”).  The economic picture in the state featured a modest recovery and urban job growth providing an increase in state income taxes, while other revenue sources such as cigarette taxes, estate taxes, and Oregon Lottery revenues were less than expected. Nonetheless, the legislature managed to adjust the 2013-15 biennial budget, although two issues indicate there are deeper unresolved problems remaining: ongoing public employee dissatisfaction and the impact of general fund redistribution on specific programs