3,714 research outputs found
Storage codes -- coding rate and repair locality
The {\em repair locality} of a distributed storage code is the maximum number
of nodes that ever needs to be contacted during the repair of a failed node.
Having small repair locality is desirable, since it is proportional to the
number of disk accesses during repair. However, recent publications show that
small repair locality comes with a penalty in terms of code distance or storage
overhead if exact repair is required.
Here, we first review some of the main results on storage codes under various
repair regimes and discuss the recent work on possible
(information-theoretical) trade-offs between repair locality and other code
parameters like storage overhead and code distance, under the exact repair
regime.
Then we present some new information theoretical lower bounds on the storage
overhead as a function of the repair locality, valid for all common coding and
repair models. In particular, we show that if each of the nodes in a
distributed storage system has storage capacity \ga and if, at any time, a
failed node can be {\em functionally} repaired by contacting {\em some} set of
nodes (which may depend on the actual state of the system) and downloading
an amount \gb of data from each, then in the extreme cases where \ga=\gb or
\ga = r\gb, the maximal coding rate is at most or 1/2, respectively
(that is, the excess storage overhead is at least or 1, respectively).Comment: Accepted for publication in ICNC'13, San Diego, US
Association schemes from the action of fixing a nonsingular conic in PG(2,q)
The group has an embedding into such that it acts as
the group fixing a nonsingular conic in . This action affords a
coherent configuration on the set of non-tangent lines of the
conic. We show that the relations can be described by using the cross-ratio.
Our results imply that the restrictions and to the sets
of secant lines and to the set of exterior lines,
respectively, are both association schemes; moreover, we show that the elliptic
scheme is pseudocyclic.
We further show that the coherent configuration with even allow
certain fusions. These provide a 4-class fusion of the hyperbolic scheme
, and 3-class fusions and 2-class fusions (strongly regular graphs)
of both schemes and $R_{-}(q^2). The fusion results for the
hyperbolic case are known, but our approach here as well as our results in the
elliptic case are new.Comment: 33 page
Hole in the wall: informed short selling ahead of private placements
Companies planning a private placement typically gauge the interest of potential buyers before the offering is publicly announced. Regulators are concerned with this practice, called wall-crossing, as it might invite insider trading, especially when the potential investors are hedge funds. We examine privately placed common stock and convertible offerings and find evidence of widespread pre-announcement short selling. We show that pre-announcement short sellers are able to predict announcement day returns. The effects are especially strong when hedge funds are involved and when the number of buyers is high. We also observe pre-announcement trading in the options market
Long-time-tail Effects on Lyapunov Exponents of a Random, Two-dimensional Field-driven Lorentz Gas
We study the Lyapunov exponents for a moving, charged particle in a
two-dimensional Lorentz gas with randomly placed, non-overlapping hard disk
scatterers placed in a thermostatted electric field, . The low density
values of the Lyapunov exponents have been calculated with the use of an
extended Lorentz-Boltzmann equation. In this paper we develop a method to
extend these results to higher density, using the BBGKY hierarchy equations and
extending them to include the additional variables needed for calculation of
Lyapunov exponents. We then consider the effects of correlated collision
sequences, due to the so-called ring events, on the Lyapunov exponents. For
small values of the applied electric field, the ring terms lead to
non-analytic, field dependent, contributions to both the positive and negative
Lyapunov exponents which are of the form , where is a dimensionless parameter
proportional to the strength of the applied field. We show that these
non-analytic terms can be understood as resulting from the change in the
collision frequency from its equilibrium value, due to the presence of the
thermostatted field, and that the collision frequency also contains such
non-analytic terms.Comment: 45 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J. Stat. Phy
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