Fewer courts, less justice? Evidence from the 2008 French reform of labor courts

International audienceThe need to provide a high-quality justice at reasonable cost represents a current challenge for many public authorities. Many reform projects propose to remove some courts in order to rationalize the judiciary. This paper explores the 2008 French reform of labor courts (removing 20% of the courts) to empirically investigate the determinants of the removal decision, and its consequences on caseload and case duration in the remaining courts. This represents -to our knowledge- the first attempt to evaluate the impacts of courts’ removal. Using panel data, our empirical strategy is based on probit estimations, counterfactuals, as well as 3SLS estimations. Our results show that the reform targeted small and concentrated courts. At the aggregated national level, it appears that duration did not increase, but the demand for litigation decreased. Locally, we find that courts were affected in different ways according to the relative burden they took on

Parallel LSTM-Based Regional Integrated Energy System Multienergy Source-Load Information Interactive Energy Prediction

The multienergy interaction characteristic of regional integrated energy systems can greatly improve the efficiency of energy utilization. This paper proposes an energy prediction strategy for multienergy information interaction in regional integrated energy systems from the perspective of horizontal interaction and vertical interaction. Firstly, the multienergy information coupling correlation of the regional integrated energy system is analyzed, and the horizontal interaction and vertical interaction mode are proposed. Then, based on the long short-term memory depth neural network time series prediction, parallel long short-term memory multitask learning model is established to achieve horizontal interaction among multienergy systems and based on user-driven behavioral data to achieve vertical interaction between source and load. Finally, uncertain resources composed of wind power, photovoltaic, and various loads on both sides of source and load integrated energy prediction are achieved. The simulation results of the measured data show that the interactive parallel prediction method proposed in this article can effectively improve the prediction effect of each subtask