7,816 research outputs found
Androgen receptor phosphorylation status at serine 578 predicts poor outcome in prostate cancer patients
Purpose: Prostate cancer growth is dependent upon androgen receptor (AR) activation, regulated via phosphorylation. Protein kinase C (PKC) is one kinase that can mediate AR phosphorylation. This study aimed to establish if AR phosphorylation by PKC is of prognostic significance.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry for AR, AR phosphorylated at Ser-81 (pARS81), AR phosphorylated at Ser-578 (pARS578), PKC and phosphorylated PKC (pPKC) was performed on 90 hormone-naïve prostate cancer specimens. Protein expression was quantified using the weighted histoscore method and examined with regard to clinico-pathological factors and outcome measures; time to biochemical relapse, survival from biochemical relapse and disease-specific survival.
Results: Nuclear PKC expression strongly correlated with nuclear pARS578 (c.c. 0.469, p=0.001) and cytoplasmic pARS578 (c.c. 0.426 p=0.002). High cytoplasmic and nuclear pARS578 were associated with disease-specific survival (p<0.001 and p=0.036 respectively). High nuclear PKC was associated with lower disease-specific survival when combined with high pARS578 in the cytoplasm (p=0.001) and nucleus (p=0.038). Combined high total pARS81 and total pARS578 was associated with decreased disease-specific survival (p=0.005)
Conclusions: pARS578 expression is associated with poor outcome and is a potential independent prognostic marker in hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Furthermore, PKC driven AR phosphorylation may promote prostate cancer progression and provide a novel therapeutic target
The one-way unlocalizable quantum discord
In this paper, we present the concept of the one-way unlocalizable quantum
discord and investigate its properties. We provide a polygamy inequality for it
in tripartite pure quantum system of arbitrary dimension. Several tradeoff
relations between the one-way unlocalizable quantum discord and other
correlations are given. If the von Neumann measurement is on a part of the
system, we give two expressions of the one-way unlocalizable quantum discord in
terms of partial distillable entanglement and quantum disturbance. Finally, we
also provide a lower bound for bipartite shareability of quantum correlation
beyond entanglement in a tripartite system.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Minor corrections, references adde
High order magnon bound states in the quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet -NaMnO
Here we report on the formation of two and three magnon bound states in the
quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet -NaMnO, where the single-ion,
uniaxial anisotropy inherent to the Mn ions in this material provides a
binding mechanism capable of stabilizing higher order magnon bound states.
While such states have long remained elusive in studies of antiferromagnetic
chains, neutron scattering data presented here demonstrate that higher order
composite magnons exist, and, specifically, that a weak three-magnon
bound state is detected below the antiferromagnetic ordering transition of
NaMnO. We corroborate our findings with exact numerical simulations of a
one-dimensional Heisenberg chain with easy-axis anisotropy using matrix-product
state techniques, finding a good quantitative agreement with the experiment.
These results establish -NaMnO as a unique platform for exploring
the dynamics of composite magnon states inherent to a classical
antiferromagnetic spin chain with Ising-like single ion anisotropy.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
The Peculiar Atmospheric Chemistry of KELT-9b
The atmospheric temperatures of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b straddle the
transition between gas giants and stars, and therefore between two
traditionally distinct regimes of atmospheric chemistry. Previous theoretical
studies assume the atmosphere of KELT-9b to be in chemical equilibrium. Despite
the high ultraviolet flux from KELT-9, we show using photochemical kinetics
calculations that the observable atmosphere of KELT-9b is predicted to be close
to chemical equilibrium, which greatly simplifies any theoretical
interpretation of its spectra. It also makes the atmosphere of KELT-9b, which
is expected to be cloudfree, a tightly constrained chemical system that lends
itself to a clean set of theoretical predictions. Due to the lower pressures
probed in transmission (compared to emission) spectroscopy, we predict the
abundance of water to vary by several orders of magnitude across the
atmospheric limb depending on temperature, which makes water a sensitive
thermometer. Carbon monoxide is predicted to be the dominant molecule under a
wide range of scenarios, rendering it a robust diagnostic of the metallicity
when analyzed in tandem with water. All of the other usual suspects (acetylene,
ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, methane) are predicted to be
subdominant at solar metallicity, while atomic oxygen, iron and magnesium are
predicted to have relative abundances as high as 1 part in 10,000. Neutral
atomic iron is predicted to be seen through a forest of optical and
near-infrared lines, which makes KELT-9b suitable for high-resolution
ground-based spectroscopy with HARPS-N or CARMENES. We summarize future
observational prospects of characterizing the atmosphere of KELT-9b.Comment: Accepted by ApJ. 9 pages, 6 figures. Corrected minor errors in
Figures 1a and 1b (some line styles were switched by accident), text and
conclusions unchanged, these minor changes will be updated in final ApJ proo
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