1,815 research outputs found
Exploring Non-Linear Programming Formulations in QuantumCircuitOpt for Optimal Circuit Design
Given the limitations of current hardware, the theoretical gains promised by
quantum computing remain unrealized across practical applications. But the gap
between theory and hardware is closing, assisted by developments in quantum
algorithmic modeling. One such recent development is QuantumCircuitOpt (QCOpt),
an open-source software framework that leverages state-of-the-art
optimization-based solvers to find provably optimal compact circuit
decompositions, which are exact up to global phase and machine precision. The
quantum circuit design problem can be modeled using non-linear, non-convex
constraints. However, QCOpt reformulates these non-linear constraints using
well-known linearization techniques such that the resulting design problem is
solved as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model. In this work, we
instead explore whether the QCOpt could also be effective with a continuous
Non-Linear Programming (NLP) model obtained via relaxation of the integer
variables in the non-linear constraints. We are able to present not only
multiple significant enhancements to QCOpt, with up to 11.3x speed-up in run
times on average, but also opportunities for more generally exploring the
behavior of gradient-based NLP solvers
A Programmable True Random Number Generator Using Commercial Quantum Computers
Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic
systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness
from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena.
We demonstrate that a quantum computer can serve as a high-quality, weakly
random source for a generalized user-defined probability mass function (PMF).
Specifically, QC measurement implements the process of variate sampling
according to a user-specified PMF resulting in a word comprised of electronic
bits that can then be processed by an extractor function to address
inaccuracies due to non-ideal quantum gate operations and other system biases.
We introduce an automated and flexible method for implementing a TRNG as a
programmed quantum circuit that executes on commercially-available, gate-model
quantum computers. The user specifies the desired word size as the number of
qubits and a definition of the desired PMF. Based upon the user specification
of the PMF, our compilation tool automatically synthesizes the desired TRNG as
a structural OpenQASM file containing native gate operations that are optimized
to reduce the circuit's quantum depth. The resulting TRNG provides multiple
bits of randomness for each execution/measurement cycle; thus, the number of
random bits produced in each execution is limited only by the size of the QC.
We provide experimental results to illustrate the viability of this approach.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing: Quantum
Information Science, Sensing, and Computation X
Automated Quantum Oracle Synthesis with a Minimal Number of Qubits
Several prominent quantum computing algorithms--including Grover's search
algorithm and Shor's algorithm for finding the prime factorization of an
integer--employ subcircuits termed 'oracles' that embed a specific instance of
a mathematical function into a corresponding bijective function that is then
realized as a quantum circuit representation. Designing oracles, and
particularly, designing them to be optimized for a particular use case, can be
a non-trivial task. For example, the challenge of implementing quantum circuits
in the current era of NISQ-based quantum computers generally dictates that they
should be designed with a minimal number of qubits, as larger qubit counts
increase the likelihood that computations will fail due to one or more of the
qubits decohering. However, some quantum circuits require that function domain
values be preserved, which can preclude using the minimal number of qubits in
the oracle circuit. Thus, quantum oracles must be designed with a particular
application in mind. In this work, we present two methods for automatic quantum
oracle synthesis. One of these methods uses a minimal number of qubits, while
the other preserves the function domain values while also minimizing the
overall required number of qubits. For each method, we describe known quantum
circuit use cases, and illustrate implementation using an automated quantum
compilation and optimization tool to synthesize oracles for a set of benchmark
functions; we can then compare the methods with metrics including required
qubit count and quantum circuit complexity.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing: Quantum
Information Science, Sensing, and Computation X
Automated Synthesis of Quantum Subcircuits
The quantum computer has become contemporary reality, with the first
two-qubit machine of mere decades ago transforming into cloud-accessible
devices with tens, hundreds, or--in a few cases--even thousands of qubits.
While such hardware is noisy and still relatively small, the increasing number
of operable qubits raises another challenge: how to develop the now-sizeable
quantum circuits executable on these machines. Preparing circuits manually for
specifications of any meaningful size is at best tedious and at worst
impossible, creating a need for automation. This article describes an automated
quantum-software toolkit for synthesis, compilation, and optimization, which
transforms classically-specified, irreversible functions to both
technology-independent and technology-dependent quantum circuits. We also
describe and analyze the toolkit's application to three situations--quantum
read-only memories, quantum random number generators, and quantum oracles--and
illustrate the toolkit's start-to-finish features from the input of classical
functions to the output of quantum circuits ready-to-run on commercial
hardware. Furthermore, we illustrate how the toolkit enables research beyond
circuit synthesis, including comparison of synthesis and optimization methods
and deeper understanding of even well-studied quantum algorithms. As quantum
hardware continues to develop, such quantum circuit toolkits will play a
critical role in realizing its potential.Comment: 49 pages, 25 figures, 20 table
Salmonella infection induces the reorganization of follicular dendritic cell networks concomitant with the failure to generate germinal centers
Therapeutic Potential of Ralimetinib, a p38/MAPK14 Inhibitor, in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
View full abstracthttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/leading-edge/1028/thumbnail.jp
Characterization of Altered immunity in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
View full abstracthttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/leading-edge/1033/thumbnail.jp
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The Differentiation and Stress Response Factor XBP-1 Drives Multiple Myeloma Pathogenesis
Multiple myeloma (MM) evolves from a highly prevalent premalignant condition termed MGUS. The factors underlying the malignant transformation of MGUS are unknown. We report a MGUS/MM phenotype in transgenic mice with Eμ-directed expression of the XBP-1 spliced isoform (XBP-1s), a factor governing unfolded protein/ER stress response and plasma-cell development. Eμ-XBP-1s elicited elevated serum Ig and skin alterations. With age, Eμ-xbp-1s transgenics develop features diagnostic of human MM, including bone lytic lesions and subendothelial Ig deposition. Furthermore, transcriptional profiles of Eμ-xbp-1s lymphoid and MM cells show aberrant expression of known human MM dysregulated genes. The similarities of this model with the human disease, coupled with documented frequent XBP-1s overexpression in human MM, serve to implicate XBP-1s dysregulation in MM pathogenesis
Successful live birth after transfer of blastocyst and frozen blastocyst from rescue ICSI with application of polarized light microscopy for spindle examination on unfertilized eggs
The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision
Motile and non-motile cilia are associated with mutually-exclusive genetic disorders. Motile cilia propel sperm or extracellular fluids, and their dysfunction causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Non-motile cilia serve as sensory/signalling antennae on most cell types, and their disruption causes single-organ ciliopathies such as retinopathies or multi-system syndromes. CFAP20 is a ciliopathy candidate known to modulate motile cilia in unicellular eukaryotes. We demonstrate that in zebrafish, cfap20 is required for motile cilia function, and in C. elegans, CFAP-20 maintains the structural integrity of non-motile cilia inner junctions, influencing sensory-dependent signalling and development. Human patients and zebrafish with CFAP20 mutations both exhibit retinal dystrophy. Hence, CFAP20 functions within a structural/functional hub centered on the inner junction that is shared between motile and non-motile cilia, and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes. Our findings suggest an uncharacterised pathomechanism for retinal dystrophy, and potentially for motile and non-motile ciliopathies in general.</p
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