A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge and Use of Contraception in Damoh District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030, adopted by the United Nations. Women’s improved reproductive health is positively associated with their knowledge and adoption of contraceptives. Contraception is crucial in determining the family size, birth interval, and women's health and falls under SDG3 and SDG5. This study aimed to highlight the knowledge and use of contraceptives in the Damoh district located in  Madhya Pradesh, India. We utilised primary data collected through a personal survey using a structured Interview Schedule from eight sampling units in the district. For this, we employed descriptive statistics and regression techniques for the analysis. Results reveal that a substantial share of women had knowledge of at least a single method of contraception. However, female sterilisation and pills were the most commonly known methods for women. Nonetheless, the knowledge of contraception was not found to be reflected in the adoption as nearly one-third of all women were not using any method of contraception. Further, the level of adoption of different contraceptive methods varied across socio-demographic backgrounds. Therefore, emphasis on information, education and communication (IEC) initiatives may lead to an increase in the adoption of modern contraceptives

Block perturbation of symplectic matrices in Williamson's theorem

Williamson's theorem states that for any $2n \times 2n$ real positive definite matrix $A$, there exists a $2n \times 2n$ real symplectic matrix $S$ such that $S^TAS=D \oplus D$, where $D$ is an $n\times n$ diagonal matrix with positive diagonal entries which are known as the symplectic eigenvalues of $A$. Let $H$ be any $2n \times 2n$ real symmetric matrix such that the perturbed matrix $A+H$ is also positive definite. In this paper, we show that any symplectic matrix $\tilde{S}$ diagonalizing $A+H$ in Williamson's theorem is of the form $\tilde{S}=S Q+\mathcal{O}(\|H\|)$, where $Q$ is a $2n \times 2n$ real symplectic as well as orthogonal matrix. Moreover, $Q$ is in $\textit{symplectic block diagonal}$ form with the block sizes given by twice the multiplicities of the symplectic eigenvalues of $A$. Consequently, we show that $\tilde{S}$ and $S$ can be chosen so that $\|\tilde{S}-S\|=\mathcal{O}(\|H\|)$. Our results hold even if $A$ has repeated symplectic eigenvalues. This generalizes the stability result of symplectic matrices for non-repeated symplectic eigenvalues given by Idel, Gaona, and Wolf [$\textit{Linear Algebra Appl., 525:45-58, 2017}$].Comment: 13 pages, accepted in Canadian Mathematical Bulletin, the title shortened, some minor changes were made to the previous version and typos were fixe

Transcutaneous pacing: a life saviour

 Doukky Rand colleagues acknowledged that Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing is a temporary method of pacing which may be indicated in patients with symptoms of severe or hemodynamically unstable bradyarrhythmias. It is found to be extremely helpful in patients with reversible or transient conditions, such as digoxin toxicity and in atrioventricular block in the case of inferior wall myocardial infarction, or when transvenous pacing is not available or there are high chances of complications. Widened QRS complex indicates successful attempt followed by a distinct ST segment and broad T wave. The hemodynamic response to pacing is to be confirmed by the assessment of patient’s arterial pulse waveforms. Trancutaneous pacing is a boon to manage and treat intra op dangerous bradycardia

Computed tomographic evaluation of anatomical variations of paranasal sinus region

Background: With the advent of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), imaging of paranasal sinuses prior to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become mandatory. CT of PNS depicts anatomical complexities of osteomeatal complex and its variations that are often found.Methods: In the present retrospective and prospective study, we have studied anatomical variants of PNS in 200 Indian subjects with clinical suspicion of sinusitis between January 2011 to March 2016, using CT in the coronal plane complemented by axial views.Results: In majority of patients, anatomical variations were noted with mucosal changes (78.80%). Deviation of nasal septum were the most common anatomical variation followed by Paradoxical middle turbinate, Middle concha bullosa. Other common variants included superior concha bullosa, prominent agger nasi cells, Haller's cells, bony spurs, aerated crista galli and hypoplastic frontal sinus.Conclusions: Anatomical variations studied on CT scan are found to block the OMC and cause rhinosinusitis. Thus, knowledge of various anatomical variants is necessary for both surgeon & radiologist to avoid possible complications and improve success of management strategies

A Review Article of Pharmacognostic Study, Botanical Description and Therapeutic Uses of Putranjiva Roxburghii

The present investigation focuses on the Pharmacognostic study the plant of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Putranjivaeceae). Plants have been studied from different perspectives of morphological and microscopicly, powder analysis, histochemistry and extractive values. Morphological analysis revealed shape, size, odour and taste of leaf, bark, root and seeds. They showed shiny, smooth and rough texture with pungent and bitter taste. Microscopicaly analysis revealed the presence of, lower epidermis, upper epidermis, vascular bundles cortex, pericycle and pith region of the transverse sections. Histochemical analysis showed the presence of lignins, starch, alkaloids, tannins and calcium oxalate crystals. Saponins are present in leaf, root and stem except in seeds. pH analysis revealed the acidic and basic property of different plant extracts. Leaf, bark, root and seeds extract showed pH values below 7. Among methanolic extracts, leaf, bark and root showed higher value. Among aqueous extracts root and bark showed higher value. Fluorescence analysis of plants showed different colours in the UV and visible light due to presence of secondary metabolites

High resolution ultra sound and color Doppler in evaluation of thyroid nodule with fine needle aspiration cytology correlation

Background: Thyroid gland is the first to develop in fetal life and is largest of all the endocrine glands. It is superficial in location which helps in its excellent visualization of normal anatomy and pathologic condition by high resolution real time grey scale sonography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usage of grey scale ultrasound and color Doppler with FNAC correlation for differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodule.Methods: This prospective study was carried out on sixteen patients who came to our department from period of 1 February to  31 march 2016.Grey scale ultrasound of neck  and Doppler followed by USG guided FNAC of thyroid swelling was done.Results: Out of 16 cases, 3 were malignant, 10 were benign, and 3 were indeterminate. One case was diagnosed as benign lesion on sono which came out to be malignant on pathology as follicular carcinoma. The cases were presented as hypoechoic lesion with regular margins with peripheral and internal vascularity. Due to well defined margins it was diagnosed as benign adenoma but turned out to be malignant on pathology as follicular carcinoma. Colloid goiter was most common presentation on ultrasound and it showed wide spectrum of appearance, majority being nodular with anechoic echotexture.Conclusions: High resolution grey scale ultra sound with color Doppler has emerged as initial modality of choice for evaluating the patient with thyroid enlargement

Optimal input states for quantifying the performance of continuous-variable unidirectional and bidirectional teleportation

Continuous-variable (CV) teleportation is a foundational protocol in quantum information science. A number of experiments have been designed to simulate ideal teleportation under realistic conditions. In this paper, we detail an analytical approach for determining optimal input states for quantifying the performance of CV unidirectional and bidirectional teleportation. The metric that we consider for quantifying performance is the energy-constrained channel fidelity between ideal teleportation and its experimental implementation, and along with this, our focus is on determining optimal input states for distinguishing the ideal process from the experimental one. We prove that, under certain energy constraints, the optimal input state in unidirectional, as well as bidirectional, teleportation is a finite entangled superposition of twin-Fock states saturating the energy constraint. Moreover, we also prove that, under the same constraints, the optimal states are unique; that is, there is no other optimal finite entangled superposition of twin-Fock states.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

A Comprehensive Survey of Data Mining Techniques on Time Series Data for Rainfall Prediction

Time series data available in huge amounts can be used in decision-making. Such time series data can be converted into information to be used for forecasting. Various techniques are available for prediction and forecasting on the basis of time series data. Presently, the use of data mining techniques for this purpose is increasing day by day. In the present study, a comprehensive survey of data mining approaches and statistical techniques for rainfall prediction on time series data was conducted. A detailed comparison of different relevant techniques was also conducted and some plausible solutions are suggested for efficient time series data mining techniques for future algorithms.

Primary leiomyosarcoma in the inferior vena cava- a case report

Vascular leiomyosarcoma of IVC is a rare tumor. Only about 200 cases have been reported worldwide. There is a strong predilection for females and middle segment of IVC is most commonly affected. The diagnosis is often challenging as patients present with non-specific complaints such as dyspnoea, abdominal discomfort, or back pain. A 43-year-old male presented with history of vague abdominal distention, discomfort, and dyspnoea in our hospital. Ultrasound of abdomen detected a mass in retro peritoneum with mixed echogenicity inseparable from IVC. CT Imaging examination of abdomen revealed a large elongated, heterogenous mass extending from right atrium to the confluence of common iliac veins. in IVC reaching up to inferior border of right atrium. Then USG guided biopsy done and Leiomyosarcoma of IVC was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. Due to extensive involvement of intrahepatic segment and right atrium complete resection of mass was not possible, so radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy was started. Patient started deteriorating due to intolerability with poor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy so he was put on supportive treatment

Prospective comparative study between colposcopy and histopathology for diagnosis of CIN and carcinoma cervix

Background: Cervical cancer develops from precursor lesions and detection of these lesions is of utmost importance. The detection of precancerous lesions is made with help of screening tests most important include PAP smear and colposcopy. So we conducted this study to understand the role of colposcopy in down staging of Carcinoma cervix.Methods: We performed a prospective study between Jan 2018 to Dec 2018 on 180 subjects chosen from patients who sought consultation for various gynaecological complaints between age group of 18-60 years. A Pap smear followed by a colposcopy was performed and colposcopic directed biopsies were taken and subjected to histolopathological examination.Results: Colposcopy had a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 78.5%, PPV of 68.9% for CIN 1. It had a sensitivity of 90.9%, specificity of 95.2%, PPV of 83.33% for CIN 2 and 3 when co related with gold standard histopathology which is much higher as compared to Pap smear.Conclusions: Colposcopy is an effective tool in down staging of Carcinoma cervix