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Effect of Haemoglobin and Iron Status of the Antenatal Mothers on their Newborns at Birth: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia in pregnant mothers
can affect the iron reserves of their newborns and lead to
anaemia later. The haematological indices and iron status of
pregnant women and its correlation with their neonates is still
unclear.
Aim: To assess the correlation between maternal and cord
blood Hb and iron status.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study
included 134 antenatal mothers, at term gestation without any
significant antenatal complications. Complete haemogram,
serum iron, ferritin, and iron binding capacity were assessed
for these mothers before delivery and also from the cord blood
samples of their newborns at birth. Statistical difference and
correlation were observed using Chi-square test and Pearson’s
correlation coefficient.
Results: Maternal anaemia Hb <11 gm/dL) was observed
in 62 (46.3%). The mean Hb and ferritin of the mothers were
11.06±1.02 gm/dL and 113.3±7.1 μg/L, respectively. The mean
Hb and ferritin levels of the cord blood samples were 12.24±0.17
gm/dL and 214.3±20.1 μg/L, respectively. In univariate analysis,
maternal Hb showed a significant correlation with cord blood
Hb with Odds Ratio (OR) 0.508 and 95% Confidence Interval
(CI): 0.428-0.603. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate
correlation between mother and cord blood Packed Cell Volume
(PCV) (r=0.344, p<0.001) and weak correlation between other
maternal and cord blood iron indices and serum ferritin (r=0.191,
p=0.027 and r=0.203, p=0.019).
Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between maternal
and cord blood Hb in term neonates. The study indicates that
the haematological indices of pregnant women determine the
neonatal Hb in term babies