Fogászati jellegű sérülések törvényszéki vizsgálata

Absztrakt Bevezetés: A fogászati sérülések dokumentációja és véleményezése meglehetősen hiányos. Szakmai elemzést igényel, hogy miért nem tekintik fontosnak egy baleset után a fogazat állapotát, illetve a korszerű fogorvosi módszerek hogyan befolyásolják a sérülések jellegét, diagnosztikáját és kezelését. Célkitűzés: A fogsérülések rendszerezése, valamint a szakirodalmi és saját adatok összevetése a sérülések eredete és jellege szempontjából, a diagnosztikára vonatkozó javaslatok megfogalmazása. Módszer: A szerzők elemezték a Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézetben a sérülést túlélt betegekre vonatkozó „fogászati sérüléses” szakvéleményeket a 2009 és 2013 közötti időszakban. Eredmények: A közel 7000 szakvéleményben csak 20 fogászati jellegű eset volt, míg a szakirodalmi adatok szerint jelentősen nagyobb számban fordulhatnak elő a fogazat sérülései. Következtetések: Elhanyagolhatóan kevés olyan eset található, amelyikben konkrétan szó van a fogazatot ért kárról, míg több olyan is előfordult, ahol a trauma hatására a fogazatban is szinte biztosan történt elváltozás, de dokumentálva nem volt. A sérülések keletkezési mechanizmusa, a gyógyulás prognosztikai értékelése és a szükséges korrekció szakértői véleményezése a jövőben nagyobb figyelmet érdemel. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(11), 430–435

Copper Accumulation in the Lips of Brass Players: Case Report of a Rare Phenomenon

Work-related exposures affecting oral health are important factors of morbidity and decreased quality of life, which may emerge from numerous physical, chemical, or mental occupational exposures. Copper (Cu) is an important trace element, however, it may also cause allergies, depose and accumulate in the body, leading to acute and chronic toxicity. In the present report, we describe a rare phenomenon found during the examination of two professional brass players, after incidentally noting an artefact during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, which were performed to monitor bone healing after bone augmentation procedures in an unrelated clinical study. During a detailed workup of patient characteristics, data on medical history, lifestyle, professional habits related to playing the instrument, and oral health status were collected. Overall, both patients presented with similar histories, and the differences from the context of this study were not relevant; however, both brass players were using an uncoated Cu mouthpiece for over 15 years. Based on the imaging findings (a shadow in the area of the lips on the MRI images) and the organoleptic evaluation of the lips and mucosa of the individuals (temporary faint green discoloration), it is most likely that the brass players were affected by oxidized Cu accumulation in the lip. In contrast to several professions, musicians are usually not required by law to attend obligatory occupational health check-ups, which may facilitate the occurrence of such exposures in musicians. Clinicians should be on the lookout for brass players involved in the profession for a long time, who may have used the mouthpieces for an extended period of time, in addition to musicians affected by Wilson’s disease. In patients affected by this phenomenon, diagnostics of oral cancer and prosthodontic procedures may be cumbersome, due to the detrimental impact on the utility of MRI imaging from artefact-formation and scattering

White and other fur colourations and hybridization in golden jackals (Canis aureus) in the Carpathian basin

The golden jackal ( Canis aureus ) is a reoccurring species in the centre of the Carpathian basin, in Hungary. In total, 31 golden jackal tissue samples were collected, from 8 white-coated, 2 black-coated and one mottled animal across Hungary. Sequences and fragment length polymorphisms were studied for white colour (MC1R), and for black coat colouration (CBD103). In each white animal, the most widespread mutation causing white fur colour in dogs in homozygous form was detected. Three animals were found to carry the mutation in heterozygous form. The two black golden jackals were heterozygous for the 3 bp deletion in CBD103 that mutation for black coat colouration in dogs, and one of them also carried the mutation causing white fur. None of the white animals showed signs of hybridization, but both the black and the mottled coloured individuals were found to be hybrids based on genetic testing. Kinship was found three times, twice between white animals, and once between a white animal and an agouti animal carrying the mutation of white coat. Our results confirm the findings that golden jackal – dog hybrids may occur without human intervention, and the detected mutation causing white fur colour in golden jackals could possibly be due to an early hybridization event