The Frequency Dependent Conductivity of Electron Glasses

Results of DC and frequency dependent conductivity in the quantum limit, i.e. hw > kT, for a broad range of dopant concentrations in nominally uncompensated, crystalline phosphorous doped silicon and amorphous niobium-silicon alloys are reported. These materials fall under the general category of disordered insulating systems, which are referred to as electron glasses. Using microwave resonant cavities and quasi-optical millimeter wave spectroscopy we are able to study the frequency dependent response on the insulating side of the metal-insulator transition. We identify a quantum critical regime, a Fermi glass regime and a Coulomb glass regime. Our phenomenological results lead to a phase diagram description, or taxonomy, of the electrodynamic response of electron glass systems

Measurements of the Complex Conductivity of NbxSi1-x Alloys on the Insulating Side of the Metal-Insulator Transition

We have conducted temperature and frequency dependent transport measurements in amorphous Nb_x Si_{1-x} samples in the insulating regime. We find a temperature dependent dc conductivity consistent with variable range hopping in a Coulomb glass. The frequency dependent response in the millimeter-wave frequency range can be described by the expression $sigma(omega) \propto (-\imath omega)^alpha$ with the exponent somewhat smaller than one. Our ac results are not consistent with extant theories for the hopping transport.Comment: 4 pages with 3 figures; published version has a different title from original (was: "Electrodynamics in a Coulomb glass"

Electrodynamics of a Coulomb Glass in n-type Silicon

Optical measurements of the real and imaginary frequency dependent conductivity of uncompensated n-type silicon are reported. The experiments are done in the quantum limit, $\hbar\omega > k_{B}T$, across a broad doping range on the insulating side of the Metal-Insulator transition (MIT). The observed low energy linear frequency dependence shows characteristics consistent with theories of a Coulomb glass, but discrepancies exist in the relative magnitudes of the real and imaginary components. At higher energies we observe a crossover to a quadratic frequency dependence that is sharper than expected over the entire dopant range. The concentration dependence gives evidence that the Coulomb interaction energy is the relevant energy scale that determines this crossover.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Sensorimotor Experience Influences Recovery of Forelimb Abilities but Not Tissue Loss after Focal Cortical Compression in Adult Rats

Sensorimotor activity has been shown to play a key role in functional outcome after extensive brain damage. This study was aimed at assessing the influence of sensorimotor experience through subject-environment interactions on the time course of both lesion and gliosis volumes as well as on the recovery of forelimb sensorimotor abilities following focal cortical injury. The lesion consisted of a cortical compression targeting the forepaw representational area within the primary somatosensory cortex of adult rats. After the cortical lesion, rats were randomly subjected to various postlesion conditions: unilateral C5–C6 dorsal root transection depriving the contralateral cortex from forepaw somatosensory inputs, standard housing or an enriched environment promoting sensorimotor experience and social interactions. Behavioral tests were used to assess forelimb placement during locomotion, forelimb-use asymmetry, and forepaw tactile sensitivity. For each group, the time course of tissue loss was described and the gliosis volume over the first postoperative month was evaluated using an unbiased stereological method. Consistent with previous studies, recovery of behavioral abilities was found to depend on post-injury experience. Indeed, increased sensorimotor activity initiated early in an enriched environment induced a rapid and more complete behavioral recovery compared with standard housing. In contrast, severe deprivation of peripheral sensory inputs led to a delayed and only partial sensorimotor recovery. The dorsal rhizotomy was found to increase the perilesional gliosis in comparison to standard or enriched environments. These findings provide further evidence that early sensory experience has a beneficial influence on the onset and time course of functional recovery after focal brain injury

Dielectric properties and dynamical conductivity of LaTiO3: From dc to optical frequencies

We provide a complete and detailed characterization of the temperature-dependent response to ac electrical fields of LaTiO3, a Mott-Hubbard insulator close to the metal-insulator transition. We present combined dc, broadband dielectric, mm-wave, and infrared spectra of ac conductivity and dielectric constant, covering an overall frequency range of 17 decades. The dc and dielectric measurements reveal information on the semiconducting charge-transport properties of LaTiO3, indicating the importance of Anderson localization, and on the dielectric response due to ionic polarization. In the infrared region, the temperature dependence of the phonon modes gives strong hints for a structural phase transition at the magnetic ordering temperature. In addition, a gap-like electronic excitation following the phonon region is analyzed in detail. We compare the results to the soft-edge behavior of the optical spectra characteristic for Mott-Hubbard insulators. Overall a consistent picture of the charge-transport mechanisms in LaTiO3 emerges.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

World geography today : teacher's resource

256 p. : il.; 29 cm