The Heart Frequency and Its Variability in Hypertensive Patients Considering A/B Type of Behaviour and Eight Basic Emotions and Levels of Anger Expression

The aim of this paper was to comparation between autonomic regulation of the heart rate and it’s variability within 100 essential hypertensive patients and 100 examinees in healthy control group. Essential hypertensive patients had significantly shorter average RR interval, that is, faster heart frequency then the control group. Average variability of the heart frequency was statisticaly considerably lower in hypertensive than in the healthy control group. Sistolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, duration of hypertension, levels have considerate total influence on heart frequency and it’s variability during calm and during deep breathing. The most distinctive negative connection was found between variability of the heart frequency and duration of hypertension. The type A behaviour within hypertensive patients and the control group was more common then type B. In the hypertensive group, total influence of all independent Bortner’s variables on to variability of the heart frequency during calm breathing was statisticaly important. Within hypertensive patients and the control group, the heart frequency and it’s variability were connected with eight basic emotions. In the group of hypertensive patients variability of the heart frequency is significantly positively connected with emotional dimension »Incorporation«, but negatively with emotional dimensions »Protection«, »Rejection« and »Reproduction«. Our data showes that patients with long-term hypertension have increased heart frequency and reduced variability of the heart frequency, which are well-known risk factors for increased cardial mortality

The heart frequency and it\u27s variability in hypertensive patients considering A/B type of behaviour and eight basic emotions and levels of anger expression

U ovom radu istraživali smo autonomnu regulaciju rada srca putem frekvencije srca i njene varijabilnosti kod 100 bolesnika s esencijalnom hipertenzijom i usporedili sa 100 ispitanika zdrave kontrolne grupe. Bolesnici s esencijalnom hipertenzijom imali su značajno kraći prosječni RR interval, odnosno bržu frekvenciju srca nego kontrolna grupa. Prosječna varijabilnost frekvencije srca je statistički značajno niža u hipertenzivnoj, nego u zdravoj kontrolnoj grupi. Na frekvenciju srca i njenu varijabilnost ukupno značajno utječu, pri mirnom i dubokom disanju: sistolički tlak, dijastolički tlak, masa lijevog ventrikula, dijastolička disfunkcija lijevog ventrikula, veličina lijevog atrija, trajanje hipertenzije, visina kolesterola i triglicerida. Najznačajnija negativna povezanost nađena je između varijabilnosti frekvencije srca i trajanja hipertenzije. U hipertenzivnih bolesnika i u kontrolnoj skupini češći je “A tip” nego “B tip” ponašanja. U hipertenzivnoj grupi statistički je značajan ukupan utjecaj svih nezavisnih varijabli po Bortneru na varijabilnost frekvencije srca pri mirnom disanju. Frekvencija srca i njena varijabilnost povezane su sa osam temeljnih emocija kodu hipertenzivnih ispitanika i kontrolne skupine. U grupi hipertenzivnih bolesnika varijabilnost frekvencije srca značajno je pozitivno povezana s emocionalnom dimenzijom “Inkorporacija”, a negativno s emocionalnim dimenzijama “Zaštita”, “Odbacivanje” i “Reprodukcija”. Naši podaci pokazuju da bolesnici s dugotrajnom hipertenzijom imaju povišenu frekvenciju srca i reduciranu varijabilnost frekvencije srca, što su poznati čimbenici rizika za povišeni kardijalni mortalitet.The aim of this paper was to comparation between autonomic regulation of the heart rate and it\u27s variability within 100 essential hypertensive patients and 100 examinees in healthy control group. Essential hypertensive patients had significantly shorter average RR interval, that is, faster heart frequency then the control group. Average variability of the heart frequency was statisticaly considerably lower in hypertensive than in the healthy control group. Sistolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, duration of hypertension, levels have considerate total influence on heart frequency and it\u27s variability during calm and during deep breathing. The most distinctive negative connection was found between variability of the heart frequency and duration of hypertension. The type A behaviour within hypertensive patients and the control group was more common then type B. In the hypertensive group, total influence of all independent Bortner\u27s variables on to variability of the heart frequency during calm breathing was statisticaly important. Within hypertensive patients and the control group, the heart frequency and it\u27s variability were connected with eight basic emotions. In the group of hypertensive patients variability of the heart frequency is significantly positively connected with emotional dimension "Incorporation", but negatively with emotional dimensions "Protection", "Rejection" and "Reproduction". Our data showes that patients with long-term hypertension have increased heart frequency and reduced variability of the heart frequency, which are well-known risk factors for increased cardial mortality

Variability of the heart rate in patients with essential hyertension in regard to A/B type of behavior and the level of satisfaction of existential needs

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate autonomic regulation of heart function evaluating the variabilityof the heart rate in patients with essential hyertension vs. healthy control patients in regard to A/Btype of behavior and the level of satisfaction of existential needs.Methods A hundred patients with essential hypertension and a hundred healthy control subjects, compatiblein age and gender were included in study. All of them were subjected to clinical, electrocardiographical,pschycological and laboratory examination.Results Hypertensive patients had significantly shorter average RR interval, and faster heart rate comparedto control subjects (758,7 ± 29,3 ms vs. 824,9 ± 38,4 ms; p <0,001). The average variability ofthe heart rate was significantly lower in hypertensive than in healthy controls (3,85 ± 1,57% vs. 4,54 ±2,4%; p<0,01). The major impact on variability of the heart rate in peaceful and deep breathing comesfrom sistolic and diastolic blood pressure, the left ventricule mass, diastolic dysfunction of the heart,the size of left atrium, the duration of hypertnesion, blood cholesterol levels and blood triglicerid levels.The most significant negative correlation is between variability of heart rate and the duration of hypertension(beta = -0,291). In both hypertensive patients and control group the behavioral type A is morefrequent than type B. In hypertensive group there is a significant impact of all independent variablesby Bortner on the heart rate variabiliy in peaceful breathing (R = 0,50). In the subjects that had highersatisfaction of existential needs, heart rate was lower and the variability higher.Conclusion This study shows that the long term hypertension involves higher heart rate and the reducedvariability of the heart rate as compared to controls, which are known risk factors for the increasedcardiac mortality