36 research outputs found

    Assessment of adherence in elderly patients in primary care

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    AbstractObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of non-adherence to drug therapy for elderly patients in primary care in Blumenau, SC, Brazil.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. A randomly selected sample of users who attended the pharmacies of 14 units of primary healthcare answered the questionnaire's study variables. The prevalence of non-adherence was measured using a self-reported questionnaire. A logistic regression model to calculate odds ratio was performed to estimate the association between risk factors and non-adherence.ResultsOf the 151 elderly individuals interviewed, 84.1% reported continuous use of their medicines. The average age of the participants was 69.04 years. Regarding the characteristics of the medications, an average of 4.3 medicines were used by the elderly, and diseases of the circulatory system were the most prominent (43.3%). The prevalence of non-adherence was 35.4%. Logistic regression showed an association between non-adherence and “prior stopping treatment because of lack of medication” and “inappropriately prescribed medication use” (p<0.005).ConclusionThe results reinforce the need to improve public policy and management processes aimed at ensuring people's access to essential medicines and qualify the process of prescribing health professionals as a way to improve treatment adherence in the elderly

    Possible pharmacological interactions in hypertensive and/or diabetic elderly in family health units at Blumenau (SC)

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    The aim of this study was to examine the possible adverse drug-drug interactions in the elderly population (>;60 years) diagnosed either with diabetes, arterial hypertension or both, at a Family Health Unit (FHU) clinic in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. For this purpose 318 subjects were interviewed using a pretested form with social and demographic aspects regarding their disease and its complications. All drugs used by this population were grouped, and the drug-drug interactions were detected by using the "Drug Interaction Checker" software, and classified for frequency and severity. The average age of patients was 70.6 years, with a higher number of female patients (216; 67.9%). Most subjects were being treated for both diseases (149; 46.86%). Out of a total of 1,541 medications prescribed, the most prevalent were: hydrochlorothiazide (131; 8.4%) and enalapril maleate (130; 8.4%). A total of 295 possible drug-drug interactions were detected in 152 patients (1.9 interactions per subject), 275 (93.2%) moderate and 20 (6.8%) severe or highly severe. The possible interaction prevalence was 0.93 (0.55 to 1.40 depending on health unit). The most frequent possible interaction was that between acetylsalicylic acid and enalapril maleate (37; 12.5%). Patients had an average consumption of 6.6 drugs and 9.8% of subjects reported physical discomfort when using medicines. Elderly patients use many medications that could cause adverse reactions and possible drug-drug interactions, where this issue warrants closer attention of prescribers and health providers.Buscou-se identificar possíveis interações medicamentosas em pessoas idosas com diabetes melito (DM) e/ou hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) sendo atendidas em unidades de Saúde da Família, em Blumenau (SC). Entrevistaram-se 318 pessoas com 60 e mais anos, portadoras de DM e/ou HAS, mediante questionário estruturado pré-testado, com variáveis sócio-demográficas da doença e do tratamento. As interações medicamentosas foram verificadas através do aplicativo "Drug Interaction Checker" e classificadas quanto a freqüência e severidade. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (216; 67,9%), com média de idade de 70,6 anos (DP = 6,9), recebendo tratamento por ambas as doenças (149; 46,86%). Dentre 1.541 medicamentos prescritos, os mais prevalentes foram: hidroclorotiazida (131; 8,4%) e maleato de enalapril (130; 8,4%). Foram detectadas 295 possíveis interações medicamentosas em 152 idosos (média 1,9 interações), das quais (275; 93,2%) foram moderadas e (20; 6,8%) severas ou muito severas. A prevalência de possíveis interações foi de 0,93 (0,55 a 1,40, dependendo da unidade de saúde). A possível interação mais freqüente foi entre ácido acetilsalicílico e maleato de enalapril (37; 12,5%). Cada paciente fazia uso de 6,6 medicamentos em média e 9,8% relataram algum desconforto físico com o uso de medicamentos. Idosos utilizam grande quantidade de medicamentos que resultam em reações adversas e possíveis interações medicamentosas, merecendo maior atenção dos prescritores e gestores

    Avaliação da adesão do paciente ao tratamento de doenças crônicas: diferenciando as abordagens epidemiológica e clínica

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    This review discusses the concepts and methods for assessing patient adherence to treatment, as applied to both epidemiological and clinical approaches within real health care practices. For the epidemiological approach, the assessment must be as accurate as possible. Self-reported questionnaires are the most feasible option in most circumstances, but most demonstrate low sensitivity combined with high specificity. We suggest that self-reported outcomes, where feasible, can increase the sensitivity for non-adherence of these questionnaires. In the clinical approach an accurate distinction between adherents and non-adherents is less useful. For the health provider, it is more important to be aware of the particular situation that each patient is currently experiencing with his/her treatment. Self-reported questionnaires applied in clinical settings can help the health provider to form an objective opinion. In any event, the patient-provider dialogue is still the best approach to assess patient adherence as well as to deliver good care.Esta revisão discute conceitos e métodos de avaliação da adesão do paciente ao tratamento de saúde, aplicáveis para a abordagem epidemiológica e para a abordagem clínica. Na abordagem epidemiológica, a avaliação deve ter a melhor acurácia possível. Os questionários de auto-relato são a opção mais viável na maioria dos contextos. Entretanto, a maior parte dos questionários apresenta baixa sensibilidade aliada a alta especificidade. Sugere-se que o desfecho clínico auto-relatado, quando factível, é capaz de aumentar a sensibilidade desses questionários. Para a abordagem clínica, uma acurada discriminação entre aderentes e não aderentes é pouco útil. Para o profissional de saúde, é mais importante conhecer a situação particular pela qual o paciente está, no momento, passando com seu tratamento. Questionários de auto-relato aplicados no contexto clínico podem auxiliar a melhorar a objetividade da opinião do profissional. Em qualquer caso, contudo, o diálogo paciente-profissional é ainda a melhor abordagem para avaliar a adesão, assim como para prover um bom cuidado

    Avaliação da assistência a pessoas com hipertensão arterial em Unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família

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    BACKGROUND: to analyse the health care provided for people with arterial hypertension by family health strategy teams in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: overall, 595 people with arterial hypertension who live in the area of 10 family health teams were interviewed. The studied variables were: demographic and socio-economic characteristics, life style, treatment, co-morbidities, adherence to treatment, satisfaction with health service and blood pressure. Descriptive statistics and association tests (Student's t-test, ANOVA, chi-square) were used. RESULTS: the mean age was 60.6 years old. Most are female, white, married, with four or less years of formal education, unemployed, and with low social status. White people and those with high social status had more years of schooling (pOBJETIVO: analisar a assistência a pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) prestada por equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em Blumenau-SC. MÉTODOS: foram entrevistadas 595 pessoas com HAS moradoras da área de 10 ESF. As variáveis estudadas foram: características demográficas e socioeconômicas, estilo de vida, tratamento, comorbidades, adesão ao tratamento, satisfação com o serviço e níveis pressóricos. Na análise, utilizaram-se os testes de "t de Student" e Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: a idade média foi 60,6 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino, cor branca, casadas, com até quatro anos de estudo, sem trabalhar, das classes C e D. A média de escolaridade foi maior em pessoas brancas e das classes A e B (

    Beyond access to medication: the role of SUS and the characteristics of HIV care in Brazil

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    OBJETIVO: Estimar a composição público-privada da assistência em HIV no Brasil e o perfil organizacional da extensa rede de serviços públicos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados da Coorte Qualiaids-BR, que reúne dados dos sistemas nacionais de informações clínicas e laboratoriais de pessoas com 15 anos ou mais com primeira dispensação de terapia antirretroviral, entre 2015–2018, e informações dos serviços do SUS de acompanhamento clínico-laboratorial do HIV, produzidas pelo inquérito Qualiaids. O sistema de acompanhamento foi definido pelo número de exames de carga viral solicitados por algum serviço do SUS: acompanhamento no sistema privado – nenhum registro; acompanhamento no SUS – dois ou mais registros; acompanhamento indefinido – um registro. Os serviços do SUS foram caracterizados como ambulatórios, atenção básica e sistema prisional, segundo autoclassificação dos respondentes ao inquérito Qualiaids (72,9%); para os não respondentes (27,1%) a classificação baseou-se nos termos presentes nos nomes dos serviços. RESULTADOS: No período, 238.599 pessoas com 15 anos ou mais iniciaram a terapia antirretroviral no Brasil, das quais, 69% receberam acompanhamento no SUS, 21,7% no sistema privado e 9,3% tiveram o sistema indefinido. Entre os acompanhados no SUS, 93,4% foram atendidos em serviços do tipo ambulatório, 5% em serviços de atenção básica e 1% no sistema prisional. CONCLUSÃO: No Brasil o tratamento antirretroviral é fornecido exclusivamente pelo SUS, que também é responsável pelo acompanhamento clínico-laboratorial da terapia da maior parte das pessoas em serviços ambulatoriais. O estudo só foi possível porque o SUS mantêm registros e informações públicas acerca do acompanhamento em HIV. Não há nenhum dado disponível para o sistema privado.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the public-private composition of HIV care in Brazil and the organizational profile of the extensive network of public healthcare facilities. METHODS: Data from the Qualiaids-BR Cohort were used, which gathers data from national systems of clinical and laboratory information on people aged 15 years or older with the first dispensation of antiretroviral therapy between 2015–2018, and information from SUS healthcare facilities for clinical-laboratory follow-up of HIV, produced by the Qualiaids survey. The follow-up system was defined by the number of viral load tests requested by any SUS healthcare facility: follow-up in the private system – no record; follow-up at SUS – two or more records; undefined follow-up – one record. SUS healthcare facilities were characterized as outpatient clinics, primary care and prison system, according to the respondents’ self-classification in the Qualiaids survey (72.9%); for non-respondents (27.1%) the classification was based on the terms present in the names of the healthcare facilities. RESULTS: During the period, 238,599 people aged 15 years or older started antiretroviral therapy in Brazil, of which 69% were followed-up at SUS, 21.7% in the private system and 9.3% had an undefined system. Among those followed-up at SUS, 93.4% received care in outpatient clinics, 5% in primary care facilities and 1% in the prison system. CONCLUSION: In Brazil, antiretroviral treatment is provided exclusively by SUS, which is also responsible for clinical and laboratory follow-up for most people in outpatient clinics. The study was only possible because SUS maintains records and public information about HIV care. There is no data available for the private system

    Beyond access to medication: the role of SUS and the characteristics of HIV care in Brazil

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    ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the public-private composition of HIV care in Brazil and the organizational profile of the extensive network of public healthcare facilities. METHODS Data from the Qualiaids-BR Cohort were used, which gathers data from national systems of clinical and laboratory information on people aged 15 years or older with the first dispensation of antiretroviral therapy between 2015–2018, and information from SUS healthcare facilities for clinical-laboratory follow-up of HIV, produced by the Qualiaids survey. The follow-up system was defined by the number of viral load tests requested by any SUS healthcare facility: follow-up in the private system – no record; follow-up at SUS – two or more records; undefined follow-up – one record. SUS healthcare facilities were characterized as outpatient clinics, primary care and prison system, according to the respondents’ self-classification in the Qualiaids survey (72.9%); for non-respondents (27.1%) the classification was based on the terms present in the names of the healthcare facilities. RESULTS During the period, 238,599 people aged 15 years or older started antiretroviral therapy in Brazil, of which 69% were followed-up at SUS, 21.7% in the private system and 9.3% had an undefined system. Among those followed-up at SUS, 93.4% received care in outpatient clinics, 5% in primary care facilities and 1% in the prison system. CONCLUSION In Brazil, antiretroviral treatment is provided exclusively by SUS, which is also responsible for clinical and laboratory follow-up for most people in outpatient clinics. The study was only possible because SUS maintains records and public information about HIV care. There is no data available for the private system

    Development and validation of the WebAd-Q Questionnaire to monitor adherence to HIV therapy

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    OBJETIVO: Apresentar o desenvolvimento e a validação do Questionário WebAd-Q, um instrumento de autorrelato para monitorar a adesão à terapia antirretroviral em serviços de HIV/Aids no Brasil. MÉTODOS: O WebAd-Q é um questionário eletrônico que contém três perguntas sobre a tomada dos antirretrovirais na última semana. Foi construído a partir de entrevistas e grupos focais com 38 pacientes. Sua validade foi testada em estudo com uma amostra de 90 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sob terapia antirretroviral há pelo menos três meses. Foram utilizadas as seguintes medidas de adesão comparativas: monitoramento eletrônico, contagem de pílulas e entrevista de autorrelato. O WebAd-Q foi respondido no sexagésimo dia por duas vezes, com intervalo mínimo de uma hora. A carga viral dos pacientes foi obtida nos registros do serviço. Analisamos a concordância entre as respostas ao WebAd-Q, associações e correlações com a carga viral e o desempenho em comparação às demais medidas de adesão. RESULTADOS: Entre os pacientes convidados, 74 (82,2%) responderam ao WebAd-Q. Não foram relatadas dificuldades em responder ao questionário. O tempo médio de resposta foi de 5 min 47 seg. O conjunto das três questões do WebAd-Q obteve concordância de 89,8%, com Kappa de 0,77 (IC95% 0,61–0,94). As respostas de não adesão do WebAd-Q associaram-se à carga viral detectável. Foram obtidas correlações moderadas da carga viral com escala de não adesão segundo o WebAd-Q. Para as três perguntas do WebAd-Q, pacientes com respostas de não adesão foram também apontados como menos aderentes segundo as demais medidas de adesão. CONCLUSÕES: O WebAd-Q atendeu a todos os quesitos considerados relevantes na validação de questionários, foi bem entendido por pacientes, apresentou associação com a carga viral e obteve boa concordância e bom desempenho em comparação a medidas concorrentes. A análise da viabilidade de sua implementação ainda depende de um estudo nacional de aplicabilidade.OBJECTIVE: To present the development and validation of the WebAd-Q Questionnaire, a self-report instrument to monitor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS centers in Brazil. METHODS: The WebAd-Q is an electronic questionnaire that has three questions about the use of antiretrovirals in the last week. It was constructed from interviews and focus groups with 38 patients. Its validity was tested in a study with a sample of 90 adult patients on antiretroviral therapy for at least three months. We used electronic monitoring bottles, pill counting, and self-report interview to compare adherence. The WebAd-Q was answered on the sixtieth day, twice, with at least one hour of interval. The viral load of the patients was obtained from the service records. We have analyzed the agreement between the answers to the WebAd-Q, the associations, and the correlations with viral load and performance compared to other measures of adherence. RESULTS: Among the invited patients, 74 (82.2%) answered the WebAd-Q. No difficulties were reported to answer the questionnaire. The average answer time was 5 min 47 sec. The set of three questions of the WebAd-Q obtained agreement of 89.8%, with Kappa of 0.77 (95%CI 0.61–0.94). The non-adherence answers of the WebAd-Q were associated with detectable viral load. We obtained moderate viral load correlations with the non-adherence scale according to the WebAd-Q. For the three questions of the WebAd-Q, patients with non-adherence answers were also reported as less adherent according to the other measures of adherence. CONCLUSIONS: The WebAd-Q answered all the issues considered relevant in the validation of questionnaires, was well understood by patients, was associated with viral load, and obtained good agreement and good performance compared to the other measures. The feasibility analysis of its implementation still depends on a national study on its applicability

    Estudo Vida e Saúde em Pomerode (SHIP-Brazil): objetivos, aspectos metodológicos e resultados descritivos

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    Background Few studies compared populations with similar genetic and culture background on different continents with standardized methods. Objective To describe methodological issues of the Study of Health in Pomerode - SHIP-Brazil and some characteristics of the participants of the baseline examination. Design and Setting Prospective, population-based cohort study of a representative sample of residents (aged 20 to 79 years) of Pomerode, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods Data for the baseline survey (from 2014 to 2018) were collected through interviews and medical examinations, including socio-demographic and lifestyle information, clinical and subclinical conditions, oral and mental health, among others. Biosamples (blood, urine, stool, and saliva) were collected and stored. Methods of data collection and quality control are described. Preliminary descriptive statistics were performed. Results The response rate was 67.6% (n=2,488 individuals). The Kappa test-retest of some variables varied from 0.54 to 1.0. German culture participants are older (46.5 vs 38.7 years), self-declared white (97.3% vs 82.1%), more frequently never smokers (71.4% vs 66.9%) but had higher risk of consuming alcohol (16.9% vs 13.4%) compared to participants with non-German background. Germans were taller (169 cm vs 166 cm), had greater abdominal circumference among men (101.9 cm vs 97.3 cm). Furthermore, they reported more multimorbidity (56.7% vs 43.6%) , had more arterial hypertension (30.7% vs 18.5%), but less depression (15.4% vs 19,1%) than non-Germans. Conclusions The interaction of genetic and social/environmental issues should be examined to understand the role of risk factors on clinical conditions observed.Introdução Poucos estudos compararam populações com histórico genético e cultural semelhante em diferentes continentes com métodos padronizados. Objetivos Descrever questões metodológicas do estudo de “Vida e Saúde em Pomerode - SHIP-Brazil” e algumas características dos participantes do exame inicial do estudo. Desenho de estudo e local Estudo de coorte prospectivo de base populacional em amostra representativa de moradores (20 a 79 anos) de Pomerode, Santa Catarina. Métodos As informações para a linha de base (de 2014 a 2018) foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas e exames médicos, incluindo dados sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida, condições clínicas e subclínicas, saúde bucal e mental, entre outros. Amostras biológicas (sangue, urina, fezes e saliva) foram coletadas e armazenadas. A coleta de dados e o controle de qualidade foram descritos. Foram realizadas análises descritivas preliminares. Resultados A taxa de resposta foi de 67,6% (n=2.488 indivíduos). O Kappa teste-reteste de algumas variáveis variou&nbsp; de 0,54 a 1,0. Os participantes de cultura alemã são mais velhos (46,5 vs 38,7 anos ), autodeclarados brancos (97,3% vs 82,1%), com menor número de fumantes (71,4% vs 66,9%), mas tiveram maior risco de consumir álcool (16,9% vs 13,4%), eram mais altos (169 cm vs 166 cm), tinham maior circunferência abdominal entre os homens (101,9 cm vs 97,3 cm) em comparação com participantes “não-alemães”. Pessoas de cultura alemã relataram mais multimorbidade (56,7% vs 43,6%), apresentavam mais hipertensão arterial (30,7% vs 18,5%), mas menos depressão (15,4% vs 19,1%). Conclusões A interação genética e social/ambiental devem ser examinadas para melhor entender o papel desses fatores de risco nas condições clínicas observadas
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