Populações indígenas e ocidentalização no sertão da capitania do Rio Grande do estado do Brasil

This article examines, in introductory character, some of the consequences of the process of Westernization on the hinterland of the Capitania do Rio Grande e the aboriginal populationsthat inhabited there. Part of the estimated one of the Westernization as conquest of the souls, the bodies and the territories undertaken by the Iberian colonial empires of century XVI in ahead –as appraised for Serge Gruzinski–, that it resulted in the transformation of the different territorialities of being able native in territorialities of the colonial power.Este artículo examina, en carácter introductorio, algunas de las consecuencias del proceso de colonización en el Hinterland del Capitania do Rio Grande e las poblaciones aborígenes quehabitaron allí. Parte de estimada del colonización como conquista de las almas, de los cuerpos y de los territorios emprendidos por los imperios coloniales ibéricos del siglo XVI adentro acontinuación –según lo valorado para Serge Gruzinski–, que dio lugar a la transformación de los diversos territorialities de ser natural capaz en territorialities de la energía colonial

O viver indígena na freguesia da gloriosa senhora Santa Ana do seridó: histórias de índios no rio grande do norte, Brasil (séculos XVIII e XIX)

In this article we analyze histories of indians in the region of the Seridó, hinterland of the Rio Grande do Norte, between the centuries XVIIIth and XIXth, together River to the too much socials groups (whites, medium browns and slaves) that they occupied the territory of the Freguesia da Senhora Santa Ana. The evidence of the existence of the indians in the Seridó after the Guerra dos Bárbaros in suggests them that the mestization was the used way to guarantee its survival the colonial world. This is an evidence that if opposes to the traditional studies of the History of the Rio Grande do Norte, that they speak of the “disappearance” of the natives after the effective expansion of the pecuaria in the hinterland.Neste artigo analisamos as histórias de índios na região do Seridó, sertão do Rio Grande do Norte, entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, junto aos demais grupos sociais (brancos, pardos enegros) que ocupavam o território da antiga Freguesia da Senhora Santa Ana. A comprovação da existência de indígenas no Seridó após a Guerra dos Bárbaros nos sugere que a mestiçagem foi o caminho usado para garantir a sua sobrevivência no mundo colonial. Essa é uma evidência que se contrapõe aos estudos tradicionais da História do Rio Grande do Norte, que falam do “desaparecimento” dos nativos após a efetivação da expansão pecuarística no sertão

De como os mortos viam os vivos: do imaginário dos moradores da comarca do príncipe, rio grande do norte, Brasil, sobre a morte na segunda metade do século XIX

Lately the studies of the historiografia occidental person have if dedicated sufficiently to the studies on the death.In this direction, we leave of the constatação of the common sense of that the death in the Seridó potiguar still is surrounded of distrusts and taboos. Considering existence of documentation in Quantity of Judicial district of Caicó, that it sends to the last desires of the livings creature of the old Vila and later Cidade do Príncipe on what the death would have to be made after, appeared the initiative for accomplishment of this study. Being thus, our objective is to understand the imaginary one that the will authors of the Príncipe had on the death in century XIX. To reach such objective, our methodology consisted of readings made in the bibliography published regarding the death, reading of academic texts of the e region later the catalogação of the sources, followed of transcription and analysis of wills. The construction of the research took as base the readings of Philippe Ariès, Michel Vovelle and João Jose Reis, with which we think the imaginary notion of and the death and its histories. In wills we ahead find elements of imaginary of Príncipe of the century XIX concerning the attitudes of the death and the deliberations how much to the choice of its executors, as well as the file of legal documents receipts of accounts. The narratives gifts in wills are representations of the imaginary one of the Príncipe, of the second half of century XIX, where the bequeather and the executor have its action evidenced for the desire of a "good death".Ultimamente os estudos da historiografia ocidental têm se dedicado bastante aos estudos sobre a morte. Nesse sentido, partimos da constatação do senso comum de que a morte no Seridó potiguar ainda é cercada de receios e tabus.Considerando a existência de documentação no Acervo da Comarca de Caicó, que remete aos últimos desejos dos vivos da antiga Vila e depois Cidade do Príncipe sobre o que deveria ser feito após a morte, surgiu a iniciativa para realização deste estudo. Sendo assim, nosso objetivo é o de compreender o imaginário que os autores de testamentos do Príncipe tinham sobre a morte no século XIX. Para atingir tal objetivo, nossa metodologia consistiu de leituras feitas na bibliografia publicada a respeito da morte, leitura de textos acadêmicos da região e depois a catalogação das fontes, seguido de transcrição e análise dos testamentos. A construção da pesquisa tomou como base as leituras de Philippe Ariès, Michel Vovelle e João José Reis, com as quais pensamos a noção de imaginário e a morte e suas histórias. Nos testamentos encontramos elementos do imaginário do Príncipe Oitocentista acerca das atitudes diante da morte e as deliberações quanto à escolha de seus testamenteiros, bem como os recibos de autos de contas. As narrativas presentes nos testamentos são representações do imaginário do Príncipe, da segunda metade do século XIX, onde o testador e o testamenteiro têm suas ações evidenciadas pelo desejo de uma “boa morte”

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Sobre mestiçagens numa freguesia do sertão da América portuguesa: o caso do índio Tomé Gonçalves da Silva

This article discusses the phenomenon of mestizations in the Freguesia do Seridó instance of religious administration established in the 18th century in the interior of the Capitania do Rio Grande in Portuguese America. The survey was conducted from a micro-historical approach, focusing on the trajectory of the Indian Tome Goncalves da Silva performed through the intersection of colonial sources of various types. It is inferred from the survey, which the colonial territory of the interior of Rio Grande, despite the breakdown of tribal societies, the movement of people from all over the known world behind the emergence of mestizations between their bodies and their practices: the luso-brasílicos, the Portugueses, the African slaves and frees, mestizos, Indians remnants of wars of conquest