Flood hazard mapping using a GIS-based morphometric analysis approach in arid regions, a case study in the Red Sea Region, Egypt

Flash floods are a major threat to life and properties in arid regions. In recent decades, Egypt has experienced severe flash floods that have caused significant damage across the country, including the Red Sea region. The aim of this study is to map the flood hazards in flood-prone areas along the Red Sea region using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based morphometric analysis approach. To evaluate the flood hazard degree, the adopted methodology considers various morphometric parameters such as basin area, slope, sinuosity index, shape factor, drainage intensity, circularity ratio, and curve number. GIS techniques were employed to delineate the watershed and the drainage network. The delineated watershed was used together with the digitized maps of soil and land use types to estimate the curve number and the morphometric parameters for each subbasin. The flood hazard degrees are calculated based on the considered morphometric parameters and distinguished based on a five-degree scale ranging from very low to very high. Results indicate that 47% of the study area has a very high flood hazard degree. Furthermore, morphometric analysis results align with the runoff results simulated by a hydrological model, where, for example, basins with a high to very high hazard degree exhibited high runoff. This suggests the influence of physical characteristics on the hydrological behavior of the watershed and further validates the morphometric analysis presented in this work. The results presented here can help policy planners and decision-makers develop appropriate measures to mitigate flash floods and achieve sustainable development in arid regions

INFLUENCE OF MULTI-LINES OF FLOOR WATER JETS ON SCOUR HOLE BEHIND CONTROL STRUCTURES

ABSTRACT The accurate design of the hydraulic structures requires through prediction of scour hole dimensions. While, the economic design of the hydraulic structures requires shortening the length of the solid floor and reducing the scour hole dimensions. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of using multi-lines of floor water jets on the expected scour hole downstream a control structure as energy dissipators. Thirty six runs were carried out using different flow discharges, jet discharges, and tailwater depths. Cases of floor without water jets were included to estimate the influence of using the suggested system. Obtained results were analyzed and graphically represented. The system of multi-lines of floor water jets reduced the maximum scour depth and scour hole length from 42 to 44% and from 41 to 45% respectively compared to the case of the floor without water jets

Minimizing scour downstream of hydraulic structures using single line of floor water jets

Local scour downstream of control structures may result in damage or complete failure of the control structure. In this paper, one hundred and seventeen runs were carried out to study the effect of single line of floor water jets on the scour hole parameters downstream of a control structure (Fayoum type weir) with different jet discharges, locations, and tailwater depths. Cases of floor without water jets were included to estimate the influence of using the suggested system. Obtained results were analyzed and graphically represented. The suggested system is easy to be used as an extra element to the existing structures to increase the performance of stilling basin. Results indicated that the system of suggested floor water jets gave from 50% to 90% reduction in maximum scour depth and from 42% to 85% reduction in scour hole length compared to the case of the floor without water jets

Improving energy dissipation on stepped spillways using breakers

Stepped spillways have many applications in dam structures, and river engineering. Moreover, stilling basins can be constructed with lower costs as energy dissipation by adding appurtenances to these stilling basins. This study aims to investigate the over-flow, through-flow, and under-flow breakers in stepped spillways and to evaluate their effect on energy dissipation. For this purpose, physical models of four steps were carried out on stepped spillways. Breakers were installed over the steps of spillway; the energy dissipation can be increased by different quantities, according to the characteristics of the breakers (height, width, arrangement of breaker heights and perforated holes). So studying the effect of the breaker on stepped spillway on the energy dissipation is very important issue. The dimensional analysis was used to correlate the different parameters affecting the studied phenomena. Comparison of flow energy dissipation over the toe of stepped spillway with breakers and classical stepped spillway shows that the stepped spillway with breakers type had dissipated more energy than the classical stepped spillway type. Keywords: Energy dissipation, Breaker, Stepped spillwa

Management of water resources to control groundwater levels in the southern area of the western Nile delta, Egypt

The present study was initiated with the objective of simulating and predicting the effect of future development on the groundwater flow and levels. This supports applications for future planning and wise management of water resources. The study area extends south of El Nubariya canal including Sadat City area and its vicinities in the western Nile delta region. A numerical groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) has been employed to simulate flow and get the budget of groundwater in the study area. The model showed that about 28,101,041 m3/day of surface water is infiltrated to groundwater dominantly from canals and excess irrigation water. About the same quantity (28,101,052 m3/day), is discharged from groundwater through production wells, open drains and through some reaches of canals. Three development scenarios were simulated to give predictions of the impact of future increasing recharge, construction of new canal and new open drains, and also increased pumping on the groundwater levels in the study area

Wilson’s disease clinic at the Assiut Liver Center in Egypt: a real well-established step on the way

Abstract Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism that results in dysfunction of copper excretion into bile leading to its accumulation in the liver, brain, cornea, and kidney. Only a few epidemiological studies about WD have been carried out, with limited available data about the disease. The most common liver disease in Egypt is viral hepatitis, which masks other liver diseases, especially in adults. This review describes the establishment of the first specialized WD clinic in the Assiut Liver Center, Upper Egypt. This multidisciplinary clinic comprises stakeholders working in WD management from different specialties, including hepatologists, pediatric hepatologists, neuropsychiatrists, dieticians, radiologists, pathologists, and ophthalmologists. Over 2 years since the launch of the WD clinic in February 2020, a total of 64 WD suspected cases were referred to our center. The WD clinic at the Assiut Liver Center is a step to provide an integrated service for neglected diseases like WD. Besides the provided integrated services for WD patients, a family screening program is applied with satisfying results