Defining the terrain for responsible management education: gender, gender equality and the case of marketing

Despite the existence of significant links between gender, marketing and consumer research, and despite a wide-spread recognition of women’s complex relationship with marketing and markets, the concept of gender equality has been widely neglected in this subject discipline. This chapter seeks to provide some understanding of what gender equality may mean through an exploration of various marketing practices, studies and teaching. It begins with a brief overview of marketing’s disciplinary developments, followed by explorations of feminist influences in this development. The difficulty of finding appropriate definitions for gender equality in marketing leads to a discussion of how marketing institutions and practices contribute to persistently unequal gender relations. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions for how to address these inequalities, with a particular focus on agents of change, specifically within marketing teaching. Despite a growing momentum of gender equality awareness in marketing practice, teaching and scholarship, we need to realize the challenges that remain in achieving real change for women and men across the developed and developing world

Players and layers: young men's construction of individual and group masculinities through consumption practices

Literature across a range of social science disciplines highlights the existence of multiple masculinities, performed and negotiated through everyday practices. However, many studies of male consumers have not explicitly addressed how practices construct gender. In consumer research, themes of masculinity have mainly emerged in studies of advertising images, subcultural consumption, brands, events and consumer tribes. Few studies have explored men’s consumption and the construction of masculinity through and across practices. Previous studies also appear to have examined gender, practices and identities at either individual or group levels. This study therefore sought to address the role of consumption in young men's construction of masculine identities, across a range of contexts, and at individual and group levels. Working within the Consumer Culture Theory tradition, these issues were explored through ethnographic research with young Scottish men aged 18-22, developed from contact with members of a football-themed University society. Data on collective practices were generated through non-participant observation followed by participant observation over a 13-month period. Practices included playing, watching and supporting football, visiting pubs and nightclubs, and playing poker. Accompanied shopping trips also formed part of the study. To gain further insights into individual identities long interviews with nine key informants were conducted. The analysis involved the iterative cycle of de-contextualising and re-contextualsing of data strips in the form of detailed reflexive fieldnotes, interview transcripts, photographs and film material. Masculinities emerged as contextualised, shifting and deeply rooted within practices of these young men. Their consumption produced normative ideals within groups. It also played a role in practices during which ‘masculine capital’ was sought. This capital was expressed through knowledge and experience in practices rather than objects and brands. Practices came to resemble games in which this capital was constantly contested. Through these games, groups also negotiated their place within the cultural context of gender relations. Consumption within practices constructed 'invisible’ gender identities through collectively shared meanings of masculinity. However, seemingly normal meanings of masculinity and consumption emerged as highly complex and layered as individuals constructed their multiple selves across practices. Rather than being fixed, consumption and masculinity was constantly (re)negotiated in changing contexts. This layered negotiation process of consumption meanings and masculinity was also reflected in informants’ discourse. This study suggests that various masculinities are 'played for’ through consumption across culturally situated practices. It shows how practices and consumption meanings shift during the negotiation of often contradictory and intertwined layers of gender identities. Methodologically, it offers insights into the challenges of gender differences between researcher and researched, and the role of new technologies such as mobile phones in ethnographic studies. Consumption and marketing messages may therefore allow young men to ‘do’, ‘talk’ and ‘be’ masculine across varying practices and contexts

Xantusia Vigilis (Desert Night Lizard) and Sceloporus Magister (Desert Spiny Lizard). Predation and Diet.

Here, we report evidence of predation on Xantusia vigilis by Sceloporus magister. We collected a yearling female S. magister (71 mm SVL, mass = 13.6 g) on 24 July 1996, 5 km SE of Llano, Los Angeles County, California, USA (34°29\u27N, 117°46\u27W, elevation 1120 m). In the laboratory, on 29 July, the S. magister deposited a fecal pellet that contained part of a Xantusia vigilis body, including sections of dorsal and ventral integument and both hind limbs

Successful Use of eXtension and Online Training Modules in Mandatory Biennial Volunteer Recertification

Quality volunteers are essential to the success of 4-H programs. Although much attention has been paid to the initial orientation of volunteers, additional training is typically optional. Beginning in 2013, our county required all adult volunteers to complete at least one hour of continuing education as part of a biennial recertification process. We used existing resources (“eLearning for Volunteer Orientation”; eXtension webinars).  There was no significant difference in volunteer retention between re-screening and non-re-screening cohorts (p=.855). We collected 166 volunteer ratings of 23 recorded webinars on eXtension. Volunteers gave concrete examples of how they would use the information learned in their volunteer role

Successful Use of eXtension and Online Training Modules in Mandatory Biennial Volunteer Recertification

Quality volunteers are essential to the success of 4-H programs. Although much attention has been paid to the initial orientation of volunteers, additional training is typically optional. Beginning in 2013, our county required all adult volunteers to complete at least one hour of continuing education as part of a biennial recertification process. We used existing resources (“eLearning for Volunteer Orientation”; eXtension webinars).  There was no significant difference in volunteer retention between re-screening and non-re-screening cohorts (p=.855). We collected 166 volunteer ratings of 23 recorded webinars on eXtension. Volunteers gave concrete examples of how they would use the information learned in their volunteer role

Chemical pollution in water: Scalable and intersectional opportunities for the analytical and social sciences

Many anthropogenic chemicals now exist in our environment, but we still have insufficient information about their risks or impacts. There is an urgent need to increase the scale of capability to assess this planetary crisis. Here, we focus on important opportunities for cooperative and intersectional analytical and social science solutions

The Protection of Rights and Advancement of GenderS: In Conversation with Abigail Nappier Cherup, Kevin D. Thomas, Wendy Hein, and Jack Waverley

In this panel discussion, we explore various ways that academics can advance work related to genderS, intersectionality and inequities so that it has impact within academia and in society. Panelists offer practical insights, relate challenges in doing this work, and suggest avenues for alternative yet impactful dissemination of work. The purpose is to demonstrate how those interested in supporting or working in this space might move from being allies to advocates and accomplices

The TCR perspective of gender: moving from critical theory to an Activism-Praxis Orientation

Applying a transformative consumer research (TCR) perspective urges scholars to adopt a critical praxis. In this chapter we explore what a TCR approach entails and how the proposed Transformative Gender Justice Framework is well suited to help practitioners and scholars address gender-based injustices. We highlight topics in marketing and consumer behavior studies within TCR that might benefit from the addition of a gender focus, and research on gender outside of TCR that might gain from the integration of a transformational perspective. We conclude by reflecting on the activism and praxis orientations that this integration could help stimulate both outside and within academia. Keywords: transformative consumer research, critical praxis, gender justice, inequality, recognition theory, capabilities approach, critical feminism, intersectionality theory, marginalized genders and marginalized identitie

Power logics of consumers’ gendered (in)justices: reading reproductive health interventions through the Transformative Gender Justice Framework

Global gender asymmetries in marketing and consumer behavior were recently exemplified by the Transformative Gender Justice Framework (TGJF). The TGJF, however, lacks an explicit reference to power—an aspect that becomes apparent when it is used to assess a consumer phenomenology. In this article we augment the TGJF by building out the power logics and by empirically testing it through an assessment of the reproductive market in Uganda. We capture macro-, meso-, and micro-level power asymmetries, and explore how bio-power and control over resources melds with local gender relations and agentic practices that i) leave social marketing efforts misaligned with embodied realities, and ii) result in dichotomies and tensions in the reproductive health market as the North-South strive to define the modern-traditional, medical-pleasurable, and women-men nature of contraceptives

The protection of rights and advancement of GenderS: in conversation with Abigail Nappier Cherup, Kevin D. Thomas, Wendy Hein, and Jack Coffin

In this panel discussion, we explore various ways that academics can advance work related to genderS, intersectionality and inequities so that it has impact within academia and in society. Panelists offer practical insights, relate challenges in doing this work, and suggest avenues for alternative yet impactful dissemination of work. The purpose is to demonstrate how those interested in supporting or working in this space might move from being allies to advocates and accomplices