Yield, fruit quality and physiological responses of melon cv. Khatooni under deficit irrigation

To evaluate the effect of water deficit stress on growth, yield, fruit quality and physiological traits of melon cv. Khatooni, field experiments were conducted in split plot randomized complete block design with three replications. In 2014, irrigation treatments consisted of two deficit irrigation regimes, 33% and 66% of ETc (crop evapotranspiration), and 100% ETc as the control (DI33, DI66 and I100). In 2015, irrigation treatments applied were: 40, 70 and 100% ETc (DI40, DI70 and I100). The results showed that plant height and leaf area decreased from treatment I100 to DI40 and DI33. The highest average fruit weigh and yield were obtained from irrigation 100% ETc for both years. The water use efficiency (WUE) significantly increased in response to increase water deficit stress. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly decreased leaf relative water content, vitamin C and fruit firmness, whereas antioxidant enzymes activity, proline and total soluble solid contents increased. These results suggest that the crop is sensitive to water deficits, that moderate water stress (DI70 and DI66) reduced yield by about 28.5-38.2% and severe water stress (DI40 and DI33) had a much more marked effect, reducing yield by 48.1-61.4%

A new practical method to evaluate the Joule-Thomson coefficient for natural gases

© 2017, The Author(s). The Joule–Thomson (JT) phenomenon, the study of fluid temperature changes for a given pressure change at constant enthalpy, has great technological and scientific importance for designing, maintenance and prediction of hydrocarbon production. The phenomenon serves vital role in many facets of hydrocarbon production, especially associated with reservoir management such as interpretation of temperature logs of production and injection well, identification of water and gas entry locations in multilayer production scenarios, modelling of thermal response of hydrocarbon reservoirs and prediction of wellbore flowing temperature profile. The purpose of this study is to develop a new method for the evaluation of JT coefficient, as an essential parameter required to account the Joule–Thomson effects while predicting the flowing temperature profile for gas production wells. To do this, a new correction factor, CNM, has been developed through numerical analysis and proposed a practical method to predict CNM which can simplify the prediction of flowing temperature for gas production wells while accounting the Joule–Thomson effect. The developed correlation and methodology were validated through an exhaustive survey which has been conducted with 20 different gas mixture samples. For each sample, the model has been run for a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions, and the model was rigorously verified by comparison of the results estimated throughout the study with the results obtained from HYSYS and Peng–Robinson equation of state. It is observed that model is very simple and robust yet can accurately predict the Joule–Thomson effect