StarPlan: A model-based diagnostic system for spacecraft

The Sunnyvale Division of Ford Aerospace created a model-based reasoning capability for diagnosing faults in space systems. The approach employs reasoning about a model of the domain (as it is designed to operate) to explain differences between expected and actual telemetry; i.e., to identify the root cause of the discrepancy (at an appropriate level of detail) and determine necessary corrective action. A development environment, named Paragon, was implemented to support both model-building and reasoning. The major benefit of the model-based approach is the capability for the intelligent system to handle faults that were not anticipated by a human expert. The feasibility of this approach for diagnosing problems in a spacecraft was demonstrated in a prototype system, named StarPlan. Reasoning modules within StarPlan detect anomalous telemetry, establish goals for returning the telemetry to nominal values, and create a command plan for attaining the goals. Before commands are implemented, their effects are simulated to assure convergence toward the goal. After the commands are issued, the telemetry is monitored to assure that the plan is successful. These features of StarPlan, along with associated concerns, issues and future directions, are discussed

Temporal and contextual knowledge in model-based expert systems

A basic paradigm that allows representation of physical systems with a focus on context and time is presented. Paragon provides the capability to quickly capture an expert's knowledge in a cognitively resonant manner. From that description, Paragon creates a simulation model in LISP, which when executed, verifies that the domain expert did not make any mistakes. The Achille's heel of rule-based systems has been the lack of a systematic methodology for testing, and Paragon's developers are certain that the model-based approach overcomes that problem. The reason this testing is now possible is that software, which is very difficult to test, has in essence been transformed into hardware

Counselor Trainee Perceived Supervisory Effectiveness: An Investigation of Counselor Trainee Cognitive Style and Supervisor Supervisory Style

Supervision during practicum and internship is crucial to the continued professional development and growth of the novice counselor. As counselor trainees are immersed in their field placement sites, they rely on their field site supervisors for guidance and continued training as aspiring counselors. It is imperative that a positive interpersonal supervisory relationship sets the foundation for successful supervision and training. Among the many personality variables that influence the interpersonal relationship and dynamics of supervision, cognitive style has been scarce in the counselor education and supervision literature. In addition to cognitive style, the supervisor\u27s supervisory style influences the interpersonal supervisory relationship. Supervisory style includes the method from which a supervisor approaches the supervision relationship and can include an attractive (e.g. friendly, supportive, open, positive) and interpersonally sensitive (e.g. intuitive, reflective, therapeutic) style. Using a quantitative design, this research study investigated the influence of field site supervisors\u27 supervisory styles and master\u27s level counselor trainees\u27 cognitive styles on perceived supervisory effectiveness. Specifically, this study attempted to describe perceived supervision effectiveness for an attractive or interpersonally sensitive supervisory style among counselor trainees who identified with a visualizer cognitive style or verbalizer cognitive style. The Supervisory Styles Inventory (SSI), the Verbalizer-Visualizer Questionnaire (VVQ), and the Supervision Questionnaire (SQ) were utilized to describe style differences among supervisors and counselor trainees and overall effectiveness of supervision. A significant finding revealed that visualizers were more satisfied with supervision when they were paired with an attractive supervisory style versus an interpersonally sensitive supervisory style. Conversely, no significant difference was found in supervisory effectiveness among verbalizers who were paired with attractive or interpersonally sensitive supervisory styles. The results illustrate that matching visualizers with attractive supervisory styles enhances effective supervision. The intention of this study was to add to the limited literature in counselor education and supervision regarding cognitive styles, supervisory styles, and effectiveness of supervision as well as to enlighten supervisors about individualities that influence the professional practice of clinical supervision

Offline-verifiable Data from Distributed Ledger-based Registries

Trust management systems often use registries to authenticate data, or form trust decisions. Examples are revocation registries and trust status lists. By introducing distributed ledgers (DLs), it is also possible to create decentralized registries. A verifier then queries a node of the respective ledger, e.g., to retrieve trust status information during the verification of a credential. While this ensures trustworthy information, the process requires the verifier to be online and the ledger node available. Additionally, the connection from the verifier to the registry poses a privacy issue, as it leaks information about the user's behavior. In this paper, we resolve these issues by extending existing ledger APIs to support results that are trustworthy even in an offline setting. We do this by introducing attestations of the ledger's state, issued by ledger nodes, aggregatable into a collective attestation by all nodes. This attestation enables a user to prove the provenance of DL-based data to an offline verifier. Our approach is generic. So once deployed it serves as a basis for any use case with an offline verifier. We also provide an implementation for the Ethereum stack and evaluate it, demonstrating the practicability of our approach.Comment: This is the full version of a paper which was presented at the 19th International Conference on Security and Cryptography (SECRYPT '22

Das frühe Venedig und Byzanz

Die Arbeit behandelt die Frühgeschichte Venedigs vom 6. bis zum 9. Jahrhundert. Dabei steht die Frage im Mittelpunkt, in welcher Beziehung die Siedlungen der venezianischen Lagune zum Byzantinischen Reich standen. In der äußersten Peripherie des Reiches gelegen, vermochte Venedig im Lauf des achten Jahrhunderts einen hohen Grad an Autonomie zu erreichen, blieb in den verschiedensten Bereichen aber dennoch Teil des byzantinischen Kulturkreises. Spätestens in der Mitte des 9. Jahrhunderts ist die Loslösung von Konstantinopel weitgehend abgeschlossen, Venedig agiert auch außenpolitisch fast vollständig autonom, nicht zuletzt durch die intensive Einbindung in den Fernhandel mit dem Orient

Концептуальна модель візуальних рекурсивних систем в об’єктах дизайну

The paper provides forming of a conceptual model of visual recursive systems (VRS) for the objects of art design. Approach to identifying types of VRS, based on the discrete analysis (planar external, internal planar, outer surface, inner, outer space, space, internal three-dimensional, external combined domestic combined) are defined. Based on the application of combinatorial analysis and depending on the type of VRS, set of design options for VRS in the objects of art design are defined.В статье предпринята попытка создания концептуальной модели визуальных рекурсивных систем (ВРС) на примере объектов дизайна. На основе применения методов дискретного анализа предложен подход к выявлению типов ВРС (внешние плоскостные, внутренние плоскостные, внешние поверхностные, внутренние поверхностные, внешние объемно-пространственные, внутренние объемно-пространственные, внешние комбинированные, внутренние комбинированные). На основе применения методов комбинаторного анализа определены множества проектных вариантов ВРС для дизайн-проектирование в зависимости от типа ВРС.У статті здійснено спробу формування концептуальної моделі візуальних рекурсивних систем (ВРС) на прикладі об’єктів дизайну. На основі застосування методів дискретного аналізу запропоновано підхід до виявлення типів ВРС (зовнішні площинні, внутрішні площинні, зовнішні поверхневі, внутрішні поверхневі, зовнішні об’ємно-просторові, внутрішні об’ємно-просторові, зовнішні комбіновані, внутрішні комбіновані). На основі застосування методів комбінаторного аналізу визначено множини проектних варіантів ВРС для дизайн проектування залежно від типу ВРС

Базис математичної моделі візуальних рекурсивних систем для об’єктів дизайну

The article provides a systematic analysis of VRS in art-design objects. Features of VRS are found. Specifications of VRS (elements, rules, links) are defined and described. The basis of mathematical model of VRS for art-design object are laid.В статье осуществлен системный анализ ВРС в объектах дизайна. На базе анализа выявлено, раскрыто и формализовано общесистемные характеристики ВРС (элементы, правила, связи) определено их соотношение. Предложен математический апарат и базис математической модели концептуального проектирования ВРС для объектов дизайна.У статті здійснено системний аналіз ВРС в об’єктах дизайну. На базі аналізу виявлено, розкрито та формалізовано загальносистемні характеристики ВРС (елементи, правила, зв’язки) окреслено їх співвідношення. Запропоновано математичний апарат та закладено базис математичної моделі концептуального проектування ВРС для об’єктів дизайну

Real-time interactive multiprogramming.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1978.This thesis describes a new method of constructing a real-time interactive software system for a minicomputer to enable the interactive facilities to be extended and improved in a multitasking environment which supports structured programming concepts. A memory management technique called Software Virtual Memory Management, which is implemented entirely in software, is used to extend the concept of hardware virtual memory management. This extension unifies the concepts of memory space allocation and control and of file system management, resulting in a system which is simple and safe for the application oriented user. The memory management structures are also used to provide exceptional protection facilities. A number of users can work interactively, using a high-level structured language in a multi-tasking environ=ment, with very secure access to shared data bases. A system is described which illustrates these concepts. This system is implemented using an interpreter and significant improvements in the performance of interpretive systems are shown to be possible using the structures presented. The system has been implemented on a Varian minicomputer as well as on a microprogrammable micro= processor. The virtual memory technique has been shown to work with a variety of bulk storage devices and should be particularly suitable for use with recent bulk storage developments such as bubble memory and charge coupled devices. A detailed comparison of the performance of the system vis-a-vis that of a FORTRAN based system executing in-line code with swapping has been performed by means of a process control Case study. These measurements show that an interpretive system using this new memory management technique can have a performance which is comparable to or better than a compiler. oriented system

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНА МОДЕЛЬ ВІЗУАЛЬНИХ РЕКУРСИВНИХ СИСТЕМ В ОБ’ЄКТАХ ДИЗАЙНУ

У статті здійснено спробу формування концептуальної моделі візуальних рекурсивних систем (ВРС) на прикладі об’єктів дизайну. На основі застосування методів дискретного аналізу запропоновано підхід до виявлення типів ВРС (зовнішні площинні, внутрішні площинні, зовнішні поверхневі, внутрішні поверхневі, зовнішні об’ємно-просторові, внутрішні об’ємно-просторові, зовнішні комбіновані, внутрішні комбіновані). На основі застосування методів комбінаторного аналізу визначено множини проектних варіантів ВРС для дизайн проектування залежно від типу ВРС

The Importance of Biophysical and Biochemical Stimuli in Dynamic Skeletal Muscle Models

Classical approaches to engineer skeletal muscle tissue based on current regenerative and surgical procedures still do not meet the desired outcome for patient applications. Besides the evident need to create functional skeletal muscle tissue for the repair of volumetric muscle defects, there is also growing demand for platforms to study muscle-related diseases, such as muscular dystrophies or sarcopenia. Currently, numerous studies exist that have employed a variety of biomaterials, cell types and strategies for maturation of skeletal muscle tissue in 2D and 3D environments. However, researchers are just at the beginning of understanding the impact of different culture settings and their biochemical (growth factors and chemical changes) and biophysical cues (mechanical properties) on myogenesis. With this review we intend to emphasize the need for new in vitro skeletal muscle (disease) models to better recapitulate important structural and functional aspects of muscle development. We highlight the importance of choosing appropriate system components, e.g., cell and biomaterial type, structural and mechanical matrix properties or culture format, and how understanding their interplay will enable researchers to create optimized platforms to investigate myogenesis in healthy and diseased tissue. Thus, we aim to deliver guidelines for experimental designs to allow estimation of the potential influence of the selected skeletal muscle tissue engineering setup on the myogenic outcome prior to their implementation. Moreover, we offer a workflow to facilitate identifying and selecting different analytical tools to demonstrate the successful creation of functional skeletal muscle tissue. Ultimately, a refinement of existing strategies will lead to further progression in understanding important aspects of muscle diseases, muscle aging and muscle regeneration to improve quality of life of patients and enable the establishment of new treatment options