A Comparative Study of the Wesleyan-Arminian and Calvinistic Doctrines of the Perseverance of the Saints As Set Forth By Selected Representatives

The Christian doctrine of the perseverance of the saints is an important teaching in the field of Christian theology. Perseverance is persistence in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory. Bible believing Christians in the evangelical churches have not been in complete agreement in their views of this important Christian tenet. As one who has anticipated serving in the pastorate of the Evangelical United Brethren Church the writer was aware of his need to be able to guide the people in his parish to an intelligent understanding of this tenet and lead them in relating this doctrine to practical personal life. The writer\u27s interest in this Christian teaching was thus aroused stimulating research in this area. The problem was to present the Wesleyan-Arminian and the Calvinistic doctrines of the perseverance of the saints as presented by a limited number of representative theologians, with a view to determining their areas of agreement and their differences

Obtaining a Solution to Why the Witteman No.1 Well Failed and Applying this Solution to the New Well Cifford #43-35-R Well

The objective of this project is to investigate the cause of casing failure in Witteman No. 1 and to apply the findings to design a solution for preventing similar occurrence in the twin wells that are planned to be drilled in the area

The Effect of Immersion in a Heated Whirlpool Bath Upon Reaction Time, Arm and Shoulder Girdle Strength, and General Endurance

The use of hydrotherapy as a relief against such common minor discomforts as muscle stiffness or muscle soreness has long been advocated by athletic trainers and physical therapists. It is known to have gotten its start as early as World War I in France where it was used as a therapeutic agent for war casualties suffering from gunshot wounds. In athletic training, a question which very often arises is whether or not the whirlpool method of therapy should be used on an individual within a few hours prior to participation in physical activities requiring muscular strength, endurance and quick muscular response. In many cases where whirlpool treatment was indicated, it was withheld because of the possible draining effect it is considered to have on a person’s muscular strength, endurance and reaction time. The author has found within the span of his experience with the use of the whirlpool that athletes, coaches, and athletic trainers offer considerable opposition to its use just before competitive sports participation. In reviewing many sources, the author was unable to locate any research supporting the concept that hydrotherapy should not be used immediately before athletic competition. Wickstrom and Polk indicated “there appears to be no research substantiating the idea that hydro-therapy is contraindicated when the subject would have to participate in physical activity requiring muscular strength-endurance within a few hours after treatment”. In a letter concerning the author’s request for information relating to this study, Art Dickinson, Jr., athletic trainer, Arizona State College, Tempe, Arizona, and associate editor of the National Athletic Trainers Association Journal, said: “I know of practically no previous investigations in this area,” but, that in opposition, he knew of no one who advocated this “technique” of whirlpool therapy before athletic performance. In an additional attempt by the author to locate pertinent material, a letter was written to the research Department, Section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Earl C. Elkins, Associate Consultant, in his reply did not mention an awareness of any studies opposing water therapy of this type before athletic activity. He specifically pointed out that “we have not done anything in this area”. It is hoped that this study will help provide suitable evidence upon which to base a more definite view in regard to this concept of “contraindication” of whirlpool therapy prior to athletic participation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of immersion in a heated whirlpool bath on muscular strength, general endurance and reaction time

Voltage-Dependent Regulation of Intracellular Signaling by Ether À go-go K⁺Channels.

Voltage-gated ion channels play a key role neuronal function by regulating ion flux. My research has shown that the Drosophila Ether à-go-go (EAG) potassium channel has a distinct conductance-independent role as an upstream activator of intracellular signaling pathways. Heterologous expression of EAG in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts results in increased proliferation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, an effect that occurs even when the channel is rendered nonconducting by mutation of the selectivity filter. Importantly, analysis of mutations that shift the voltage-dependence of channel gating reveals that EAG signaling activity is regulated by the voltage sensor. Targeted mutation of key residues in the intracellular EAG carboxyl terminal shows that signaling requires an intact calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) binding domain, and biochemical assays confirm that the activity of membrane-associated CaMKII is modulated by voltage-dependent conformations of EAG. Conductance-independent, CaMKII-mediated EAG signaling activity is also observed with the mammalian isoform of EAG. Finally, in recordings at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction, EAG channels with mutations in the CaMKII binding domain largely failed to rescue the high levels of spontaneous activity characteristic of eag mutants, whereas nonconducting EAG channels rescued spontaneous activity with an efficiency nearly overlapping that observed for the wild type channel. These results suggest that voltage-dependent, conductance-independent EAG signaling activity plays a role in synaptic homeostasis in vivo and implicate EAG signaling as a novel mechanism for linking neuronal activity to the state of intracellular messenger pathways. EAG signaling activity may contribute to the learning defects observed in Drosophila eag mutants, as well as to the oncogenic effects observed following abnormal expression of human EAG.Ph.D.Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/57724/2/ahegle_1.pd

Linking public health agencies and hospitals for improved emergency preparedness: North Carolina's public health epidemiologist program

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In 2003, 11 public health epidemiologists were placed in North Carolina's largest hospitals to enhance communication between public health agencies and healthcare systems for improved emergency preparedness. We describe the specific services public health epidemiologists provide to local health departments, the North Carolina Division of Public Health, and the hospitals in which they are based, and assess the value of these services to stakeholders.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We surveyed and/or interviewed public health epidemiologists, communicable disease nurses based at local health departments, North Carolina Division of Public Health staff, and public health epidemiologists' hospital supervisors to 1) elicit the services provided by public health epidemiologists in daily practice and during emergencies and 2) examine the value of these services. Interviews were transcribed and imported into ATLAS.ti for coding and analysis. Descriptive analyses were performed on quantitative survey data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Public health epidemiologists conduct syndromic surveillance of community-acquired infections and potential bioterrorism events, assist local health departments and the North Carolina Division of Public Health with public health investigations, educate clinicians on diseases of public health importance, and enhance communication between hospitals and public health agencies. Stakeholders place on a high value on the unique services provided by public health epidemiologists.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Public health epidemiologists effectively link public health agencies and hospitals to enhance syndromic surveillance, communicable disease management, and public health emergency preparedness and response. This comprehensive description of the program and its value to stakeholders, both in routine daily practice and in responding to a major public health emergency, can inform other states that may wish to establish a similar program as part of their larger public health emergency preparedness and response system.</p

Inhibition of HERG1 K+ channel protein expression decreases cell proliferation of human small cell lung cancer cells

HERG (human ether-à-go-go-related gene) K+ currents fulfill important ionic functions in cardiac and other excitable cells. In addition, HERG channels influence cell growth and migration in various types of tumor cells. The mechanisms underlying these functions are still not resolved. Here, we investigated the role of HERG channels for cell growth in a cell line (SW2) derived from small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a malignant variant of lung cancer. The two HERG1 isoforms (HERG1a, HERG1b) as well as HERG2 and HERG3 are expressed in SW2 cells. Inhibition of HERG currents by acute or sustained application of E-4031, a specific ERG channel blocker, depolarized SW2 cells by 10–15 mV. This result indicated that HERG K+ conductance contributes considerably to the maintenance of the resting potential of about −45 mV. Blockage of HERG channels by E-4031 for up to 72 h did not affect cell proliferation. In contrast, siRNA-induced inhibition of HERG1 protein expression decreased cell proliferation by about 50%. Reduction of HERG1 protein expression was confirmed by Western blots. HERG current was almost absent in SW2 cells transfected with siRNA against HERG1. Qualitatively similar results were obtained in three other SCLC cell lines (OH1, OH3, H82), suggesting that the HERG1 channel protein is involved in SCLC cell growth, whereas the ion-conducting function of HERG1 seems not to be important for cell growth

Functional KV10.1 Channels Localize to the Inner Nuclear Membrane

Ectopically expressed human KV10.1 channels are relevant players in tumor biology. However, their function as ion channels at the plasma membrane does not totally explain their crucial role in tumors. Both in native and heterologous systems, it has been observed that a majority of KV10.1 channels remain at intracellular locations. In this study we investigated the localization and possible roles of perinuclear KV10.1. We show that KV10.1 is expressed at the inner nuclear membrane in both human and rat models; it co-purifies with established inner nuclear membrane markers, shows resistance to detergent extraction and restricted mobility, all of them typical features of proteins at the inner nuclear membrane. KV10.1 channels at the inner nuclear membrane are not all transported directly from the ER but rather have been exposed to the extracellular milieu. Patch clamp experiments on nuclei devoid of external nuclear membrane reveal the existence of channel activity compatible with KV10.1. We hypothesize that KV10.1 channels at the nuclear envelope might participate in the homeostasis of nuclear K+, or indirectly interact with heterochromatin, both factors known to affect gene expression