Nonthermal Laser-Induced Formation of Crystalline Ge Quantum Dots on Si(100)

The effects of laser-induced electronic excitations on the self-assembly of Ge quantum dots on Si (100) - (2×1) grown by pulsed laser deposition are studied. Electronic excitations due to laser irradiation of the Si substrate and the Ge film during growth are shown to decrease the roughness of films grown at a substrate temperature of ∼120 °C. At this temperature, the grown films are nonepitaxial. Electronic excitation results in the formation of an epitaxial wetting layer and crystalline Ge quantum dots at ∼260 °C, a temperature at which no crystalline quantum dots form without excitation under the same deposition conditions.© 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3041493

Interleukin 6 (IL6) as a predictor outcome in patients with compensated cirrhosis and symptomatic gall stones after cholecystectomy

Compensated cirrhosis means that the liver is heavily scarred but can still perform many important functions; many peoples with compensated cirrhosis have gall bladder stones. The advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for most patients have been extensively published. However its benefits and successful use in patients with cirrhosis are less documented. The study compromised 50 patients with symptomatic gallstone in compensated liver disease and undergone either open cholecystectomy (OC) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. These patients were randomized into two groups: Group I included 24 patients who underwent OC, and group II included 26 patients who underwent LC. Patient’s age, sex, clinical presentation and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class were documented. No patients in this study had CTP class c cirrhosis. IL-6 was measured by ELISA, postoperative pain (measured by Visual analog scale), hospital stay, blood loss, recovery time (return to work), and liver function tests were documented. IL-6 was significantly lowered at 6th hour and 12th hour post operative in LC group. Mean surgical time was significantly longer in OC than LC group, (mean ±SD, 96.6 ±32 vs 58.7 ± 23.8 min, P = 0.037). No patients in group II required any blood replacement in contrast to 9 patients (37.5%) in group I. Intraoperative bleeding remained significantly higher in group I (P = 0.043). No patients in group II had wound complications compared with 5 patients (29.14%) in group I. Group I had significantly longer hospital stay than group II, mean 9.0+ 1.3 days (median 7) vs 2.3 days + 1.9 (median 2.5); P = 0.001. Our results were demonstrated that laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed safely in patients with CTP class A and B cirrhosis. IL-6 was more significantly, increased post operatively in open cholecystectomy than laparoscopic one and it correlated well with intensity of operative trauma. Keywords: Interleukin 6; Liver cirrhosis; Cholecystectom

Utilization of Some Fruits and Vegetables By-Products to Produce High Dietary Fiber Jam

The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds and ?-carotene of carrot peels, apple pomace, banana peels and mandarin peels and their quality in preparing jam. Mandarin and banana peels characterized by its higher crude fiber (12.16 and 5.25%) and vitamin C (68 and 16.6 mg/100g) compared to carrot peels (3.91%) and apple pomace (3.65%). Banana peels contained higher amount of magnesium, potassium, calcium and iron compared to other peels samples. Therefore, jam of banana peels characterized by its higher content in magnesium (758 mg/100g), potassium (779 mg/100g), calcium (191 mg/100g) and iron (59.15 mg/100g). Jam of apple pomace characterized by its higher phosphorus contents (220 mg/100g) followed by jam of banana peels (138 mg/100g), mandarin peels (128 mg/100g) and carrot peels (53 mg/100g). Jam of carrot peels characterized by its higher phenolics content as gallic acid equivalent (87.4 mg/100g) followed by jams of apple pomace (82.5 mg/100g), banana peels (42.7 mg/100g) and mandarin peels (34.6 mg/100g). The same trend was observed in total flavonoids as catechen equivalent (mg CAT/100g) in jams of carrot peels, apple pomace, banana peels and mandarin peels, where they were 35.9, 30.1, 23.5 and 21.7, respectively. Furthermore, jam of carrot peels had higher antioxidant activity, where its DPPH radical, had lower DPPH based IC50 (1.8 ?g/ml) while jam of apple pomace, banana peels and mandarin peels had higher DPPH based IC50 reached to 2.04, 2.21 and 3.34 µg/ml, respectively. The same trend was observed for the ?-carotene radical in tested jam samples. Hunter color parameter showed that jam of mandarin peels had highest lightness (L* = 39.8), followed by jam of carrot peels (29.46), apple pomace (18.27) and banana peels (15.19). Therefore, jam of banana peels was darker than other tested peels samples. Sensory evaluation showed that jam of apple pomace characterized by its higher taste and odor, followed by jam of mandarin peels, banana peels and carrot peels. Color of tested jam of carrot, banana or mandarin peels was darker than apple pomace jam. Also, jam of apple pomace gave higher scores in appearance and overall acceptability. Keywords: Jam – Peels – antioxidant activity – Total phenolics– Total Flavonoid

Methyl N-(2-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)carbamate

In the title molecule, C8H7BrClNO2, the bromochlorophenyl ring is inclined to the methylcarbamate unit by 32.73 (7). In the crystal, N—HO hydrogen bonds form chains of molecules parallel to [100]

Crystal structure of 3-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-2-one, C11H14N2O2

Abstract C11H14N2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5411(2) Å, b = 11.5148(2) Å, c = 12.5370(2) Å, V = 1088.64(4) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0301, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.0826, T = 296 K.</jats:p

Crystal structure of 2-((3-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione, C28H19N5O2

Abstract C28H19N5O2, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 13.9896(9) Å, b = 21.9561(14) Å, c = 7.1643(5) Å, β = 91.782(6)°, V = 2199.5(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0632, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1727, T = 150(2) K.</jats:p

Crystal structure of (E)-5-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-methylthiazole, C23H17ClFN5S2

Abstract C23H17ClFN5S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.9691(12) Å, b = 11.5316(6) Å, c = 9.2546(4) Å, β = 95.484(4)°, V = 2227.6(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0468, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1126, T = 296 K.</jats:p

Crystal structure of 1-phenyl-N′-(1-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide, C28H20N6O2S2

C28H20N6O2S2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.6738(6) Å, b = 11.7869(7) Å, c = 12.5381(7) Å, α = 112.842(6)°, β = 91.963(4)°, γ = 116.129(6)°, V = 1264.38(15) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0523, wRref(F2) = 0.1390, T = 296(2) K

The crystal structure of 2-(3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-8H-indeno[1,2-d]thiazole, C25H17BrFN3S

C25H17BrFN3S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.2926(6) Å, b = 11.5832(4) Å, c = 16.9974(9) Å, α = 109.211(4)°, β = 90.211(4)°, γ = 95.290(4))°, V = 2089.21(18) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0580, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1797, T = 296 K