Insects causing seed losses in Douglas-fir on Vancouver Island in 1957

n/

Examination of Douglas-fir clones for differences in susceptibility to damage by cone and seed insects

In 1974 and 1976, Douglas-fir cones from 51 clones and 150 clones, respectively, were collected and determinations were made of the percentage of seed damaged by the cone insects <i>Barbara colfaxiana</i>, <i>Contarinia oregonensis</i>, <i>C. washingtonensis<i/> and <i>Megastigmus spermotrophus</i>. Although statistically significant differences in percentage of damaged seeds were detected among clones, these differences were not great enough to be of practical importance

Observations on a twigminer, Argyresthia pseudotsuga Freeman (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), in Douglas-fir seed orchards

Studies on the twigminer, <i>Argyresthia pseudotsuga</i> Freeman, which kills new growth on twigs of Douglas-fir, showed that adults oviposited from mid-April until May on bud scales or on needles close to the buds. Eggs hatched in mid-May and larvae continued to mine in the new twigs until late fall or early winter. The insects pupated by the end of February in chambers at the bases of the twigs

Insects causing seed losses in Douglas-fir on Vancouver Island in 1957

n/

Damage by two Douglas-fir cone & seed insects: Correlation with cone crop size

Damage by the Douglas-fir cone moth, <i>Barbara colfaxiana</i> (Kearfott), in year N was significantly related to the size of the cone crop the preceding vear (N-1) in the interior of British Columbia but not at the coast. Damage by the Douglas-fir cone gall midge, <i>Contarinia oregonensis</i> Foote, at the coast was also significantly related to cone crop size the preceding year. Fluctuations in cone crop size appear to limit populations of these cone insects

Observations on a twigminer, Argyresthia pseudotsuga Freeman (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), in Douglas-fir seed orchards

Studies on the twigminer, Argyresthia pseudotsuga Freeman, which kills new growth on twigs of Douglas-fir, showed that adults oviposited from mid-April until May on bud scales or on needles close to the buds. Eggs hatched in mid-May and larvae continued to mine in the new twigs until late fall or early winter. The insects pupated by the end of February in chambers at the bases of the twigs

Damage by two Douglas-fir cone & seed insects: Correlation with cone crop size

Damage by the Douglas-fir cone moth, Barbara colfaxiana (Kearfott), in year N was significantly related to the size of the cone crop the preceding vear (N-1) in the interior of British Columbia but not at the coast. Damage by the Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, at the coast was also significantly related to cone crop size the preceding year. Fluctuations in cone crop size appear to limit populations of these cone insects

paediatric respiratory disease past present and future

Paediatric respiratory disease has changed in the past 20 yrs; we could fill a whole issue of the journal paying tribute to our famous forebears. We are posing new challenges to our colleagues in the field of adult respiratory disease. They have to learn to deal with conditions that 20 yrs ago were rare in the adult chest clinic, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and the long-term consequences of premature birth and congenital malformations of the respiratory tract. Furthermore, studies in childhood are challenging pathophysiological concepts throughout life. The many great prospective birth cohort studies have shed light on the different patterns of wheezing, their risk factors and their evolution through childhood. Who would have thought it was good to be born in a barn! It is becoming increasingly clear that even for "adult" diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), antenatal and early life events are at least as important as smoking in adulthood 1. CF has become a disease also of adults 2. Although many factors have contributed, the main reason has been the development of expert special CF centres, a model increasingly adopted by adult teams. This can serve as a model for other diseases; how a well-structured multidisciplinary approach to treatment can translate into benefits for patients. Perhaps numerically the most important achievement is in the field of public health. The benefit of the decrease in invasive bacterial infections, due to vaccination programmes for infants, is among the most important achievements of the past. Other areas of change include the survival of ever smaller preterm neonates. These children are reaching adult life with impaired lung function and abnormal computed tomography scans. What will happen to their ageing lungs? Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is becoming increasingly well understood, with new genetic entities, such as

Fexofenadine is Efficacious and Safe in Children (Aged 6-11 Years) with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

Background: This is the first prospective, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study showing statistical improvement of an H1-antihistamine in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis in all symptoms throughout the entire treatment period. Objective: This randomized, placebo-controlled, parallelgroup,double-blind study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Methods: This study was conducted at 148 centers in 15 countries. Nine hundred thirty-five children (aged 6-11 years) were randomized and treated with either fexofenadine HCl 30 mg (n = 464) or placebo (n = 471) tablets twice a day for 14 days. Individual symptoms (sneezing; rhinorrhea; itchy nose, mouth, throat, and/or ears; itchy, watery, and/or red eyes; and nasal congestion) were assessed at baseline and then daily at 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM (±1 hour) during the double-blind treatment period. Each total symptom score was the sum of all symptoms, excluding nasal congestion. The primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline in the average of the daily 12-hour evening reflective total symptom scores throughout the double-blind treatment. Safety was evaluated from adverse-event reporting, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory data at screening and study end point