5 research outputs found
Prospective clinical study of surgical management of varicose veins of lower limb and its complications
Background: Varicose veins of the lower extremities are the most common peripheral vascular disease and their treatment is as old as mankind. This prospective clinical study of surgical management of varicose vein was conducted to study the age, sex and occupational distribution of varicose veins of lower limb. Evaluations of clinical features and surgical methods of treatments that were in practice in the management of varicose veins in terms of recurrence and symptoms improvement were also studied.Methods: Two years prospective study was conducted in our institution from May 2007 to April 2009. During this period 62 cases of varicose veins of lower limbs were admitted to our hospital of which 50 cases were selected and were studies in detail. After thorough clinical examination and relevant investigation they are all subjected to surgical management. Results: Out of 50 cases studied, 21 (42%) had only long saphenous vein involvement, 7 (14%) had short saphenous vein involvement and in 5 (10%) cases both short and long saphenous system were involved. In addition to long saphenous vein involvement, incompetent perforators were present in 17 (34%) cases. Among them prominent veins and pain were the main complain in 38 (78%) patients. Itching and pigmentation were present in 4 (8%) patients. Ankle edema was present in 6 (12%) patients. Pain and ulceration of lower leg were present in 2 (4%) patients. After clinical assessment appropriate surgical procedures were followed for each of patients. These cases were followed for 3 year durations. Out of 50 patients 7 (14%) patients had recurrence of varicose vein. 7 (14%) patient complained of recurrence of pain after 2 years of surgery but no appearance of varicose vein. One patient (2%) complained of persistence of pigmentation after surgery. 2 (4%) patients complained of persistence of ankle edema and there was complete healing of ulcer which was present earlier. Conclusions: Commonest age group of varicose vein of lower limb was 20 to 40 years. Definite relationship exists between the occupation and the incidence of varicose veins. The patients were in the occupation which required standing for long time had the higher chances of varicose vein. Severity of the symptoms is not proportional to the duration of varicose veins. The involvement of long saphenous vein is more common than the short saphenous vein. Since our study shows very low percentage of recurrence and symptoms related to varicose vein the surgical line of treatment is an ideal treatment for varicose vein. For incompetent perforators, sub-fascial ligation appears to be a better method of treatment than extra fascial ligation. Because in the former all the perforators could be visualized and dealt with, while in the latter there were chances of missing one or two perforators. If cases are selected properly with good operative technique the complications are negligible.
CRISP: Curriculum based Sequential Neural Decoders for Polar Code Family
Polar codes are widely used state-of-the-art codes for reliable communication
that have recently been included in the 5th generation wireless standards (5G).
However, there remains room for the design of polar decoders that are both
efficient and reliable in the short blocklength regime. Motivated by recent
successes of data-driven channel decoders, we introduce a novel
urculum based equential neural decoder for
olar codes (CRISP). We design a principled curriculum, guided by
information-theoretic insights, to train CRISP and show that it outperforms the
successive-cancellation (SC) decoder and attains near-optimal reliability
performance on the Polar(32,16) and Polar(64,22) codes. The choice of the
proposed curriculum is critical in achieving the accuracy gains of CRISP, as we
show by comparing against other curricula. More notably, CRISP can be readily
extended to Polarization-Adjusted-Convolutional (PAC) codes, where existing SC
decoders are significantly less reliable. To the best of our knowledge, CRISP
constructs the first data-driven decoder for PAC codes and attains near-optimal
performance on the PAC(32,16) code.Comment: 23 pages, 23 figures. ICML 202
TinyTurbo: Efficient Turbo Decoders on Edge
In this paper, we introduce a neural-augmented decoder for Turbo codes called
TINYTURBO . TINYTURBO has complexity comparable to the classical max-log-MAP
algorithm but has much better reliability than the max-log-MAP baseline and
performs close to the MAP algorithm. We show that TINYTURBO exhibits strong
robustness on a variety of practical channels of interest, such as EPA and EVA
channels, which are included in the LTE standards. We also show that TINYTURBO
strongly generalizes across different rate, blocklengths, and trellises. We
verify the reliability and efficiency of TINYTURBO via over-the-air
experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Published at the 2022 IEEE International
Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT
Case Report Billiary Peritonitis due to Enteric Fever Gallbladder Perforation: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Abstract: Billiary peritonitis following gall bladder perforation due to enteric fever is very rare and usually follows fatal surgical complication. The present case report is of billiary peritonitis following enteric fever perforation of the gall bladder in a young female patient, successfully treated by cholecystectomy and appropriate antimicrobial therapy