Being unempathic will make your loved ones feel lonelier: Loneliness in an evolutionary perspective

Loneliness has been conceptualized as an alarm against social isolation under an evolutionary theoretical framework. Loneliness, as an adaptive feature, would have to be linked to environmental conditions and not only to the subjective evaluation of our social network. This research investigates lack of received empathy as an environmental trigger of the loneliness alarm. Lack of received empathy could explain previously observed correlations between loneliness and low satisfaction with social relationships, attachment insecurity, and certain age groups like teenagers and the elderly. A well-defined evolutionary model opens up new possibilities for the development of more efficient strategies to reduce loneliness

Being unempathic will make your loved ones feel lonelier: Loneliness in an evolutionary perspective

Loneliness has been conceptualized as an alarm against social isolation under an evolutionary theoretical framework. Loneliness, as an adaptive feature, would have to be linked to environmental conditions and not only to the subjective evaluation of our social network. This research investigates lack of received empathy as an environmental trigger of the loneliness alarm. Lack of received empathy could explain previously observed correlations between loneliness and low satisfaction with social relationships, attachment insecurity, and certain age groups like teenagers and the elderly. A well-defined evolutionary model opens up new possibilities for the development of more efficient strategies to reduce loneliness

Physical contact and loneliness: Being touched reduces perceptions of loneliness

Objective This article addresses the connection between loneliness and physical contact. Evolutionary and psychological research has shown that touch is an important part of bond-building and emotion communication; loneliness is intimately related to these elements as well. In this paper, we ask whether physical contact reduces feelings of loneliness —which might derive from evolutionary ancient bonding mechanisms—despite a cultural context that is relatively non-tactile. Method An experimental study (40 participants, 13 males) tested for observable effects of touch on loneliness scores in a low-contact culture to analyse whether they respond positively to that stimulus despite cultural training against it. Results Participants exposed to physical contact reported significantly lower neglect scores from their close relationships in a short loneliness scale, thus suggesting that there is an underlying mechanism that persists despite enculturation. The effects were particularly strong among single people, which could mean that lower loneliness among married people might be partly explained by the regular availability of physical contact. Participants in the experimental condition also showed a faster reduction in heart rate, interpreted as a sign of physiological wellbeing. Conclusions These findings help to specify mechanisms within the evolutionary theoretical framework of loneliness that link internal feelings to environmental cues. This article aims at contributing to a more complex discussion on the interactions between emotions, cultural practices and psychological well-being.</p