Book Note: The Court Of Appeal For Ontario: Defining The Right Of Appeal, 1792-2013, by Christopher Moore

“Opportunities to redress miscarriages of justice or errors in law or procedure are now fundamental to the rule of law, and it is easy to assume the origins of the right of appeal must go right back to the medieval beginnings of the English legal tradition. But in the 1790s, the right of appeal was far from… fundamental.”2 IN 2007 CHIEF JUSTICE OF ONTARIO Warren Winkler realized there was no comprehensive history of the Court of Appeal for Ontario, prompting the commission of The Court of Appeal for Ontario: Defining the Right of Appeal, 1792-2013. This book serves as a source of institutional history and as a biographical history of the people who moulded the court.3 Notable historical changes include: the entrenchment of a separate judiciary and executive;4 the opening of the right of appeal to include criminal law;5 and the consideration of human rights and equity in jurisprudence as a result of World War II,6 the Bill of Rights,7 and the Charter.8 Moore tracks the rise of the right of appeal and eventual development of a dedicated appeals court, characterizing its changing culture vis-à-vis its most prominent figure—the Chief Justice. Additionally, each chapter discusses major jurisdictional and structural changes to the court, demographics of the judges and bar of the period, and major cases and procedures. Chapter one focuses on the reformers of 1849, elected on a platform of responsible government, and Hume Blake’s Administration of Justice (Canada West) Bill.9 The right of appeal in Ontario began with Blake’s belief that Canada’s courts needed “to be adapted to Canadian circumstances.”10 Chapter two focuses on Oliver Mowat’s court from 1874-1912, which saw the merging of law and equity11 and the criminal right of appeal in provincial courts.1

The contribution of Australian residential early parenting centres to comprehensive mental health care for mothers of infants: evidence from a prospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Australia's public access residential early parenting services provide programs to assist parents who self-refer, to care for their infants and young children. Treatment programs target infant feeding and sleeping difficulties and maternal mental health. There is limited systematic evidence of maternal and infant mental health, psychosocial circumstances or presenting problems, or the effectiveness of the programs. The aim of this study was to contribute to the evidence base about residential early parenting services.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A prospective cohort design was used. A consecutive sample of mothers with infants under one year old recruited during admission to a public access residential early parenting service for a 4 or 5 night stay in Melbourne, Australia was recruited. They completed structured self-report questionnaires, incorporating standardised measures of infant behaviour and maternal mood, during admission and at one and six months after discharge. Changes in infant behaviour and maternal psychological functioning after discharge were observed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>79 women completed the first questionnaire during admission, and 58 provided complete data. Women admitted to the residential program have poor physical and mental health, limited family support, and infants with substantial behaviour difficulties. One month after discharge significant improvements in infant behaviour and maternal psychological functioning were observed (mean (SD) daily crying and fussing during admission = 101.02 (100.8) minutes reduced to 37.7 (55.2) at one month post discharge, p < 0.001; mean (SD) Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at admission = 11.3 (5.7) reduced to 6.78 (4.44), at one month, p < 0.001) which were sustained at six months. Participant satisfaction with the program was high; 58 (88%) found the support of the nurses and 50 (75%) the social support of other mothers very helpful.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This psycho-educational approach is an effective and acceptable early intervention for parenting difficulties and maternal mood disturbance, and contributes to a system of comprehensive mental health care for mothers of infants.</p

A Survey of Educators\u27 Needs when Accommodating Students with Physical Disabilities in Regular Education Classrooms

Background and Purpose. Students with physical disabilities have been included in regular education classrooms, under IDEA, since the 1970\u27s. Research has shown that many teachers do not feel adequately prepared for adapting their classrooms for a student with physical disabilities. The purpose of this study is to assess the perceived needs of regular educators in North Dakota and determine what ways physical therapists can offer assistance to educators when accommodating for a student with physical disabilities. Subjects and Methods. Six hundred and fifty questionnaires were sent out to randomly selected, North Dakota teachers via the mail (325) and email (325). The questionnaires requested information regarding: demographics, perceived competencies, where they seek assistance, and areas of need for more information. A descriptive analysis was then performed comparing the returned survey responses. Results. Of the 650 questionnaires sent out, 324 (49.8%) fit the criteria to be analyzed for purposes of this study. Women (x2=.049) and elementary teachers (p=.031) significantly felt the most competent in adapting their classrooms for students with physical disabilities, and were more likely to utilize outside resources such as occupational (x2\u3c.001) and physical therapists (x2\u3c.001). High school teachers were least likely to feel competent (p=.031). There was not a significant difference between general and special educators\u27 feelings of competency, however, special educators perceived themselves slightly higher than regular educators in all categories. North Dakota educators indicated need for education in adapting environments (62.3%), handling and positioning techniques (59%), defining roles and responsibilities of team members (54.3 %), sources for adaptive equipment (51.2%), and basic guidelines for medical procedures (45.7%). Discussion and Conclusion. This study corresponded with other recent research in showing a need for further teacher education on the inclusion of students with physical disabilities into the regular education classroom. The responses indicated a request for moderate to maximum assistance in all topic areas related to physical disabilities. Physical therapists may be of assistance in this area because of their knowledge of physical disabilities. More research is needed in this area, as North Dakota teachers were the only representatives of this study

Whole Body Fuel Use: A Preliminary Study of Carbohydrate and Fat Oxidation During Water Exercise

The purpose of this investigation was to measure energy expenditure and whole body carbohydrate and fat oxidation during shallow water exercise (SWE; submerged to axillary level). The level of energy expenditure and the relative contribution of fuels (e.g., carbohydrate [CHO], fat) depends on the intensity of exercise effort. This descriptive study addressed two questions: (1) what is the energy expenditure of performing SWE over a range of intensities; and (2) how does the rate of CHO and fat usage change with increasingly more demanding SWE efforts. Five healthy females (ages 18 to 26 years) performed five submaximal and one maximal SWE bout based on perceived effort (Borg Scale). Indirect calorimetry (Parvo-Medic metabolic analyzer) was employed to assess metabolic response while heart rate (HR) was monitored via telemetry (Polar technology). For perception of efforts ranging from very light (~50 percent HR peak) to very hard (~88 percent HR peak), the rate of energy expenditure ranged from 3.5+0.7 to 10.5+1.3 kilocalories per minute (Kcal.min-1), while the maximal SWE effort elicited a metabolic response of 13.2+1.7 Kcal.min-1 (~ 10 X resting metabolic rate). From very light to very hard, the rate of CHO oxidation increased from 2.0+1.0 to 9.4+1.8 Kcal.min-1 (~370 percent increase), while fat oxidation remained variable among the SWE efforts. In conclusion, carbohydrate oxidation plays an increasingly more important role as a fuel source during SWE efforts that require a high rate of energy expenditure. Furthermore, this study provides insight into the energy requirements of SWE, a mode of exercise that is becoming more popular

The Impacts in Australia of Children's Literature Book Awards

The objective of this research project is to determine the short term and long term impacts in Australia of book awards for children's literature. The interest in this topic arose from personal experience as a NSW State Judge for the Children's Book Council's 'Books of the Year' awards. It was an exhilarating, stimulating, totally exhausting two years of reading and reviewing 720 books ranging from early childhood to young adult novels and it was an experience that was a deeply satisfying in terms of personal development. In this all-consuming environment, there niggled some questions - was all this effort for a lasting purpose? Did it make any difference? The completion of the two year term of office allowed the questions to be pursued. To the above questions were added others. Who exactly is affected by book awards? How are they affected by book awards? What children's book awards exert influence in Australia? What timeframe could be put around the influence of book awards? In investigating these issues further methodological questions have arisen. What literature is available about children's book awards? What paradigms would apply? What assumptions are made about children's book awards? What methodology would be necessary to investigate these issues? For each of these questions there were ramifications which opened the field to more questions. The purpose of this paper is to show the development of a research design which addressed this cluster of issues. This is the beginning of the journey towards a dissertation within the Professional Doctorate program at The University of New England. In consultation with supervisors, various research designs have undergone refinement, alteration, adjustment and debate. A research design is rather like a map which the researcher draws to show the intended direction. It is a rough sketch map at first but as more knowledge is acquired, more methodical thinking is applied, more choices made about what is manageable and what is not, a firm pathway is gradually devised. Alongside this, some reading about thesis writing (Evans &amp; Gruba 2nd edn 2004, Wolfe 1996, Yeo 2001, UNE Research Guide 2005) has assisted and observation of completed theses offered signposts to the conventions of writing and investigative research. This paper sets out the most recent research design agreed upon. It should be understood that this research design is a work in progress

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms linked to exercise during cardiopulmonary and metabolic disorders

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple human diseases, in addition to the aging process. Although various stimuli exist, acute exercise is known to induce a transient increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), evident by several reports of increased oxidative damage following acute bouts of aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Although the results are somewhat mixed and appear disease dependent, individuals with chronic disease experience an exacerbation in oxidative stress following acute exercise when compared to healthy individuals. However, this increased oxidant stress may serve as a necessary “signal” for the upregulation in antioxidant defenses, thereby providing protection against subsequent exposure to prooxidant environments within susceptible individuals. Here we present studies related to both acute exercise-induced oxidative stress in those with disease, in addition to studies focused on adaptations resulting from increased RONS exposure associated with chronic exercise training in persons with disease

Mythologizing Charles Van Doren: The 1950s, the Media, and the Making of Cultural Memory

The myth of Charles Van Doren, as recorded in mass media retellings of the 1959 television quiz show scandal, is a story of a good-intentioned, intelligent young man who was tempted by the muses of fame and fortune to make a deal with some television devils, then was involved in the cover-up of their deceptions, only to finally tell the truth and yet still pay dearly for his transgressions. The Charles Van Doren story this dissertation tells, however, is more about the loaded phrase "the 1950s," which implies simultaneously contradictory narratives of progress and stagnation, assimilation and isolation, hope and fear; more about "the Media," our "window on the world," our reflection, our bearer of good dreams; and more about the business and government institutions that boosted their own public images while reaping in financial rewards—at the expense of Charles Van Doren, hundreds of other quiz show contestants, and the American public at large.Informed by audience reception, consumerism, cultural memory, genre, popular culture, and technology studies; Cold War history; feminist theory; historiography; literary criticism; mass communication research; media criticism; political economy; and television history, my research utilizes archival records, historical mass media, and other primary and secondary sources to tell a different story of Charles Van Doren than the one most often remembered. Chapter 1 is a tale of the commercial television industry in the Cold War and of the industry practices manipulated by quiz show producers for profit. Chapter 2 considers the female consumers the television industry wanted so desperately to reach and the social implications of intentionally including intelligent women as quiz show winners. Chapter 3 reconstructs the history of crafted symbolism attached to Van Doren across mass media. Chapter 4 features the voices of an American public clamorously protesting the larger American institutions they blamed for Van Doren's fall. Chapter 5 assesses the ways Charles Van Doren has come to represent the quiz show scandal in our cultural memory as well as the significant relationships between the television industry and its regulatory overseers, which have shaped what gets remembered (and how), to protect their own interests

New York and Vermont Corn Silage Hybrid Trials

The corn silage hybrid evaluation program expanded to 77 hybrids in 2018. Hybrid evaluation at multiple environments helps in decision making and expands the reach of this type of data to more farmers. With this in mind Cornell, UVM, and seed companies collaborate to bring this robust evaluation. This year, hybrids were either entered into the 80-95 day relative maturity (RM) group (Early-Mid) and were tested at two locations in NY (n = 20; Hu-Lane Farm in Albion and the Willsboro Research Farm in Willsboro) and one location in VT (n = 20; Borderview Farm in Alburgh) or were entered into the 96-110 day relative maturity group (Mid-Late) and were tested at two locations in NY (n = 57; Greenwood Farms in Madrid and the Musgrave Research Farm in Aurora) and one location in VT (n = 55; Borderview Farm in Alburgh). The average Growing Degree Days (GDD; 86-50°F system) from May through August for years 2005 to 2018 is 2053 GGD at Albion, 2039 at Willsboro, 1979 at Alburgh, 2078 at Aurora and 1953 at Madrid (Table 1a and 1b)

Cardiorespiratory Responses to High Intensity Interval Shallow Water Exercise

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiorespiratory responses to shallow water, high intensity interval exercise (SW-HIIE). Interestingly, no studies have investigated the physiological responses of performing HIIE in a water medium. Thus, the main question of this investigation was the following: What is the physiological load imposed on the human body during an acute SW-HIIE session? Physically active females, n=9 and 26+6 yrs, volunteered for this descriptive study. Volunteers performed a familiarization trial, an incremental maximal shallow water exercise test, and a SW-HIIE session. Participants were submerged to ~75 percent of stature (axillary level). SW-HIIE consisted of 4 X 4 minute segments with one minute recovery in between each segment. Each segment consisted of 8 X 20 seconds of maximal physical effort with 10 seconds of rest between each effort. Indirect calorimetry (Parvo-Medic metabolic analyzer) was employed to assess metabolic response and heart rate was monitored via telemetry (Polar technology). SW-HIIE elicited an overall oxygen uptake response of 2.0+0.2 lO2.min-1 (73+5% of peak aerobic capacity), nearly eight times above resting metabolic rate, while overall heart rate (HR) response was 156+8 bpm (86+2% HR peak). In conclusion, the SW-HIIE session elicited cardiorespiratory responses that would be classified as vigorous on the intensity scale according to the American College of Sports Medicine’s guidelines for exercise prescription, suggesting that an acute bout of SW-HIIE imposes a great physiological load on the human body