12 research outputs found

    Assessing the status of the cod (Gadus morhua) stock in NAFO Subdivision 3Ps in 2018

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    The status of the cod stock in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Subdivision 3Ps was assessed during a Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Regional Peer Review Process meeting held October 16-17, 2018. Total landings for the 2017-18 management year (April 1-March 31) were 5,031 t or 77% of the Total Allowable Catch (TAC). This marks the eighth consecutive season that the entire TAC has not been taken. Survey abundance and biomass estimates from the DFO research vessel (RV) spring survey were below average during 2016 to 2018. Sentinel gillnet catch rates have been very low and stable since 1999. Sentinel linetrawl catch rates have been below average for the past eight years and the 2017 catch rate was among the lowest in the time series. Spawning stock biomass (SSB) has increased since 2015. In 2018, 71% of the SSB is comprised of ages 6 and 7. Recruitment has generally been at or above the time-series average since 2005, with a particularly strong cohort produced in 2011. Estimated total mortality remains high. Over 2015-17, total mortality averaged 0.61 (54% survival per year); however, the relative contributions of natural and fishing mortality to total mortality are unknown. Projection of the stock to 2021 was conducted assuming mortality rates will be within +/- 20% of current values (2015 to 2017 average). All projections show SSB in 2021 to be lower than SSB in 2018. Where total mortality is assumed to remain at or above current levels, projections indicate that SSB in 2020 and 2021 to be at or below Blim.L’état du stock de morue dans la sous-division 3Ps de l’Organisation des pĂȘches de l’Atlantique Nord-Ouest (OPANO) a fait l’objet d’une Ă©valuation lors d’une rĂ©union du processus rĂ©gional d’examen par les pairs de PĂȘches et OcĂ©ans Canada (MPO) qui s’est tenue les 16 et 17 octobre 2018. Les dĂ©barquements totaux de l’annĂ©e de gestion 2017-2018 (du 1er avril au 31 mars) se chiffraient Ă  5 031 t, soit 77 % du total autorisĂ© des captures (TAC). Il s’agit de la huitiĂšme saison consĂ©cutive au cours de laquelle le TAC n’a pas Ă©tĂ© atteint. Les estimations de l’abondance et de la biomasse obtenues lors des relevĂ©s printaniers par navire de recherche du MPO Ă©taient infĂ©rieures Ă  la moyenne de 2016 Ă  2018. Depuis 1999, les taux de prise des pĂȘches sentinelles au filet maillant sont trĂšs faibles et stables. Depuis huit ans, les taux de prise des pĂȘches sentinelles Ă  la palangre sont infĂ©rieurs Ă  la moyenne. L’annĂ©e 2017 figure parmi les annĂ©es oĂč le taux de prise a Ă©tĂ© le plus faible. La biomasse du stock reproducteur (BSR) a augmentĂ© depuis 2015. En 2018, 71 % de la BSR est composĂ©e de poissons ĂągĂ©s de 6 et 7 ans. Le recrutement s’avĂšre gĂ©nĂ©ralement supĂ©rieur ou Ă©gal Ă  la moyenne de la sĂ©rie chronologique depuis 2005, avec une cohorte particuliĂšrement abondante en 2011. Le taux estimĂ© de mortalitĂ© totale demeure Ă©levĂ©. Entre 2015 et 2017, la mortalitĂ© totale s’élevait Ă  0,61 en moyenne (taux de survie de 54 % par annĂ©e); toutefois, les contributions relatives de la mortalitĂ© naturelle et de la mortalitĂ© par pĂȘche Ă  la mortalitĂ© totale sont inconnues. Les prĂ©visions relatives au stock de 2021 ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es en supposant que les taux de mortalitĂ© varieront d’environ 20 % par rapport aux valeurs actuelles (moyenne de 2015 Ă  2017). Toutes les projections indiquent que la BSR en 2021 sera infĂ©rieure Ă  celle de 2018. Lorsque l’on prĂ©sume que la mortalitĂ© totale demeurera Ă©gale ou supĂ©rieure aux niveaux actuels, les projections indiquent qu’en 2020 et 2021, la BSR sera Ă©gale ou infĂ©rieure Ă  la valeur Blim

    Evaluation de l'Ă©tat du stock de morue (Gadus morhua) de la sous-division 3Ps de l'OPANO en 2017

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    The status of the cod stock in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Subdivision 3Ps was assessed during a Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Regional Peer Review Process meeting held October 17-18, 2017. Estimates of Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) derived from a survey-based (SURBA) cohort model increased considerably over 2009-12 but have since declined. The stock is currently estimated to be in the Cautious Zone (54% above Blim) as defined by the DFO Precautionary Approach (PA) Framework. Short-term projections of the stock were performed to 2020 assuming mortality rates will be within +/- 20% of current values (2014 to 2016 average). Projected SSB shows a continuous decline to 2020 in most cases, with the decrease ranging from 23 to 58% (2017-20). The risk of being below Blim by 2019 ranges from 0.09 and 0.73, and by 2020 from 0.25 to 0.94.L'Ă©tat du stock de morue dans la sous-division 3Ps de l'Organisation des pĂȘches de l'Atlantique Nord-Ouest (OPANO) a fait l'objet d'une Ă©valuation lors d'une rĂ©union du processus rĂ©gional d'examen par les pairs de PĂȘches et OcĂ©ans Canada (MPO) qui s'est tenue les 17 et 18 octobre 2017. Les estimations de la biomasse du stock reproducteur (BSR) calculĂ©es Ă  partir d'un modĂšle de cohorte basĂ© sur les relevĂ©s (SURBA) ont augmentĂ© de façon importante au cours de la pĂ©riode 2009-2012, mais ont connu un dĂ©clin depuis. On estime actuellement que le stock se situe dans la zone de prudence (54 % infĂ©rieur Ă  la valeur Blim), selon la dĂ©finition du cadre intĂ©grant l'approche de prĂ©caution (AP) Ă©tabli par le MPO. Des prĂ©visions Ă  court terme relatives au stock ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es jusqu'en 2020 en supposant que les taux de mortalitĂ© varieraient d'environ 20 % par rapport aux valeurs actuelles (moyenne de 2014 Ă  2016). La projection de la BSR montre un dĂ©clin continu jusqu'en 2020 dans la plupart des cas, avec une diminution variant entre 23 % et 58 % (de 2017 Ă  2020). Le risque que sa valeur soit infĂ©rieure Ă  Blim d'ici 2019 varie entre 0,09 et 0,73. D'ici 2020, ce risque varie entre 0,25 et 0,94

    Assessing the status of the cod (Gadus morhua) stock in NAFO Subdivision 3Ps in 2016

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    The status of the cod stock in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO)  Subdivision 3Ps was assessed during a Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Regional Peer Review Process meeting held October 17-19, 2016. Total landings for the 2015-16 management year (April 1-March 31) were 6,427 t or just 48% of the Total Allowable Catch (TAC). This marks the sixth consecutive season that the TAC has not been fully taken. Survey abundance estimates from the DFO research vessel (RV) spring survey have been about average in recent years, whereas biomass estimates have generally been below average. Sentinel gillnet catch rates have been very low and stable since 1999. Sentinel linetrawl catch rates have been below average for the past six years and the 2015 catch rate was the lowest in the time series. Estimates of Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) derived from a survey-based (SURBA) cohort model increased considerably over 2009-12 but have since declined. Although the stock is currently estimated to be in the Cautious Zone (18% above Blim) as defined by the DFO Precautionary Approach (PA) Framework, the probability that the stock is in the critical zone is 0.22, which is a concern. There are further concerns that the current estimate of spawning stock biomass (SSB) could be biased as the model has overestimated SSB in recent years (i.e. the assessment has been subject to downward retrospective revisions of SSB). The current SSB is very young, composed to a large extent (46%) of 4-5 year old fish. These fish are from the strong 2011 and 2012 year classes that have not yet fully matured. Estimated total mortality for fish in the age range of 5-10 years is currently very high (three year average Z = 0.73), which is a large concern especially considering that reported landings have been only about half of the TACs over this time period. Short-term projections of the stock were not performed due to concerns related to variability in the survey data, the strong directional retrospective pattern in model estimates, and the unavailability of recent estimates of commercial fish weights-at-age. However, it is generally noted that biomass of the stock is likely to decline sharply in the coming years if the current high mortality rate persists.L'Ă©tat du stock de morue dans la sous-division 3Ps de l’Organisation des pĂȘches de l'Atlantique Nord-Ouest (OPANO) a fait l'objet d'une Ă©valuation lors d'une rĂ©union du processus rĂ©gional d'examen par les pairs de PĂȘches et OcĂ©ans Canada (MPO) qui s'est tenue du 17 au 19 octobre 2016 Les dĂ©barquements de l'annĂ©e de gestion de 2015-2016 (du 1er avril au 31 mars) ont totalisĂ© 6 427 tonnes, ce qui reprĂ©sente seulement 48 % du total autorisĂ© des captures (TAC). Il s'agit de la sixiĂšme saison consĂ©cutive oĂč le TAC n'est pas atteint. Au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es, les estimations de l'abondance selon le relevĂ© par navire de recherche menĂ© au printemps par le MPO Ă©quivalaient Ă  peu prĂšs aux moyennes, tandis que les estimations de la biomasse Ă©taient gĂ©nĂ©ralement infĂ©rieures Ă  la moyenne. Depuis 1999, les taux de prise des pĂȘches sentinelles au filet maillant sont trĂšs faibles et stables. Depuis six ans, les taux de prise des pĂȘches sentinelles Ă  la palangre sont infĂ©rieurs Ă  la moyenne. L'annĂ©e 2015 est celle oĂč le taux de prise a Ă©tĂ© le plus faible. Les estimations de la biomasse du stock reproducteur (BSR) calculĂ©es Ă  partir d'un modĂšle de cohorte basĂ© sur les relevĂ©s (SURBA) ont augmentĂ© de façon importante au cours de la pĂ©riode 2009-2012, mais ont connu un dĂ©clin depuis. Bien que le stock se situe actuellement dans la zone de prudence (18 % au-dessus de la valeur Blim) dĂ©finie par le cadre de l'approche de prĂ©caution du MPO, la probabilitĂ© que le stock tombe dans la zone critique est de 0,22, ce qui est prĂ©occupant. D'autres prĂ©occupations existent quant au fait que l'estimation actuelle de la BSR pourrait ĂȘtre biaisĂ©e, car le modĂšle a surestimĂ© la BSR au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es (c.-Ă -d., l'Ă©valuation a fait l'objet de rĂ©visions rĂ©trospectives Ă  la baisse de la BSR). La BSR actuelle est trĂšs jeune et composĂ©e en grande partie (46 %) de poissons de 4 Ă  5 ans. Ces poissons sont tirĂ©s des fortes classes d'Ăąge de 2011 et de 2012 qui n'ont pas encore atteint leur pleine maturitĂ©. La mortalitĂ© totale estimĂ©e des poissons ĂągĂ©s de 5 Ă  10 ans est actuellement trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e (moyenne sur trois ans; Z = 0,73), ce qui constitue une grande prĂ©occupation Ă©tant donnĂ© que les dĂ©barquements dĂ©clarĂ©s reprĂ©sentaient environ la moitiĂ© du TAC durant cette pĂ©riode. Les projections Ă  court terme du stock n'ont pas Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es en raison de prĂ©occupations liĂ©es Ă  la variabilitĂ© dans les donnĂ©es d'enquĂȘte, de la forte tendance rĂ©trospective directionnelle dans les estimations modĂ©lisĂ©es, et de la non-disponibilitĂ© de rĂ©centes estimations des poids selon l'Ăąge des poissons commerciaux. Il convient toutefois de noter qu'en gĂ©nĂ©ral, la biomasse du stock est susceptible de diminuer de façon marquĂ©e au cours des prochaines annĂ©es si les taux de mortalitĂ© Ă©levĂ©s actuels persistent

    Assessing the status of the cod (Gadus morhua) stock in NAFO Subdivision 3Ps in 2015

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    The status of the cod stock in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Subdivision 3Ps was assessed during a Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Regional Peer Review Process meeting held October 20-22, 2015. Stock status was updated based upon information collected up to spring 2015. Principal sources of information available for the assessment were: a time series of abundance and biomass indices from Canadian winter/spring research vessel (RV) bottom trawl surveys, inshore sentinel surveys, science logbooks from vessels 35 ft., reported landings from commercial fisheries, oceanographic data, and tagging studies. Despite short-term projections for stock growth, there is reason for concern for 3Ps cod going forward. Although recruitment has recently been good, mortality is very high and hence the long-term contribution of these year classes to the fishery and spawning biomass is still uncertain. The spawning biomass is composed almost entirely of young fish, with the current age at maturity being the lowest recorded in the time series. Recent biological data suggest fish growth rates are low and that fish condition is poor. In recent years, cod in 3Ps have been feeding heavily on lipid-poor prey such as snow crab and other invertebrates. The combination of these biological data with the recent rise of warm-water species such as white hake is suggestive of broad changes in the 3Ps ecosystem and perhaps reduced cod productivity.L’état du stock de morue de la sous-division 3Ps de l’Organisation des pĂȘches de l’Atlantique Nord-Ouest (OPANO) a fait l’objet d’une Ă©valuation lors d’une rĂ©union du processus rĂ©gional d’examen par les pairs de PĂȘches et OcĂ©ans Canada (MPO) tenue du 20 au 22 octobre 2015. L’état du stock a Ă©tĂ© mis Ă  jour Ă  partir des donnĂ©es recueillies jusqu’au printemps 2015. Les principales sources d’information disponibles ayant Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour l’évaluation sont : une sĂ©rie chronologique des indices d’abondance et de biomasse obtenus Ă  partir des relevĂ©s au chalut de fond effectuĂ©s Ă  l’hiver et au printemps par un navire de recherche canadien, des relevĂ©s par pĂȘches sentinelles cĂŽtiĂšres, les journaux de bord scientifiques des navires de moins de 35 pi, les journaux de bord des navires de plus de 35 pi, les dĂ©barquements dĂ©clarĂ©s des pĂȘches commerciales, des donnĂ©es ocĂ©anographiques et des Ă©tudes de marquage. MalgrĂ© les prĂ©visions Ă  court terme, qui laissent prĂ©sager une croissance du stock, il y a lieu de se prĂ©occuper de la morue de la sous-division 3Ps. En dĂ©pit du recrutement adĂ©quat ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, le taux de mortalitĂ© est trĂšs Ă©levĂ©. Ainsi, la contribution Ă  long terme de ces classes d’ñge pour la pĂȘche et la BSR demeure prĂ©caire. La BSR est presque entiĂšrement composĂ©e de jeunes poissons, et l’ñge de maturitĂ© actuel est celui le moins Ă©levĂ© parmi ceux enregistrĂ©s dans la sĂ©rie chronologique. Les donnĂ©es biologiques rĂ©centes donnent Ă  penser que les taux de croissance du poisson sont faibles et que celui-ci est en mauvais Ă©tat. Ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, la morue de la sous-division 3Ps s’est essentiellement alimentĂ©e de proies peu riches en lipides telles que le crabe des neiges et d’autres invertĂ©brĂ©s. Ces donnĂ©es biologiques, combinĂ©es Ă  l’essor rĂ©cent des espĂšces d’eau chaude comme la merluche blanche, laissent prĂ©sager que l’écosystĂšme de la sous-division 3Ps subira des changements importants et que la productivitĂ© de la morue pourrait diminuer

    Measuring marine fish biodiversity: temporal changes in abundance, life history and demography

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    Patterns in marine fish biodiversity can be assessed by quantifying temporal variation in rate of population change, abundance, life history and demography concomitant with long-term reductions in abundance. Based on data for 177 populations (62 species) from four north-temperate oceanic regions (Northeast Atlantic and Pacific, Northwest Atlantic, North mid-Atlantic), 81% of the populations in decline prior to 1992 experienced reductions in their rate of loss thereafter; species whose rate of population decline accelerated after 1992 were predominantly top predators such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), sole (Solea solea) and pelagic sharks. Combining population data across regions and species, marine fish have declined 35% since 1978 and are currently less than 70% of recorded maxima; demersal species are generally at historic lows, pelagic species are generally stable or increasing in abundance. Declines by demersal species have been associated with substantive increases in pelagic species, a pattern consistent with the hypothesis that increases in the latter may be attributable to reduced predation mortality. There is a need to determine the consequences to population growth effected by the reductions in age (21%) and size (13%) at maturity and in mean age (5%) and size (18%) of spawners, concomitant with population decline. We conclude that reductions in the rate of population decline, in the absence of targets for population increase, will be insufficient to effect a recovery of marine fish biodiversity, and that great care must be exercised when interpreting multi-species patterns in abundance. Of fundamental importance is the need to explain the geographical, species-specific and habitat biases that pervade patterns of marine fish recovery and biodiversity

    The role of gastric evacuation experiments in quantifying the feeding rates of predatory fish

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    The genetic and ecophysiological diversity of Microcystis

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    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/171576/1/emi15615.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/171576/2/emi15615-sup-0002-FigureS1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/171576/3/emi15615_am.pd
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